Search review questions

Risk of fragility fractures · Females aged over 50 years · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Females over 50 years: drinking-water fluoride 1.0 mg/L vs null

Postoperative hypersensitivity · TheraCal LC vs Dycal (Bayoumy et al.)

Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · General population (both sexes, all ages) · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Sensitivity (excluding high risk-of-bias studies): above 2.27 mg/L vs null

Risk of wrist fractures · General population (both sexes, all ages) · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Drinking-water fluoride 1.5 mg/L vs null

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022) · Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022), $51-100 per capita

Forearm fracture · European GWAS participants · SVMR MR-Egger

Early childhood caries (presence/prevalence/severity by dmft/dmfs) · Healthy children under 6 years of age (6 months to 6 years); preschool children · Primary analysis (all 10 studies)

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries · Coverage: Not covering

Pulp sensibility (EPT/cold response) · Mature permanent (molar) teeth with deep caries and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis (spontaneous pain) · 1 year

Early childhood caries (ECC), prevalence · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa · Country: Egypt

Specificity · Imaging modality: Intraoral photographic images

Early childhood caries (ECC), prevalence · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa · Overall (all included studies)

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: corrosion · Continent: Europe

Caries incidence (early childhood caries) · Preschool children aged <=71 months (caries outcome assessed at 3-6 years) · Caries incidence by age 3 years (exposure from infancy, 4-18 months), Overall

Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) · Adults (≥18 years)

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL sum score, transformed 0-100) · Community-dwelling elderly persons aged ≥60 years · Adequate equality

Sensitivity · Imaging modality: Panoramic radiographs

Plaque index, e-cigarette users versus non-smokers: no significant difference (contrary/null finding) · Ralho (6 of 8 studies); Thiem (1 study)

Femur fracture · European GWAS participants · SVMR MR-Egger

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration · HDI: Very high

Bleeding Index (BI) · Individuals assessed for periodontal health (mainly children and adolescents, age >2 years)

Oral microbiota composition · Individuals assessed for oral microbiota (mainly children and adolescents)

Radiographic progression of proximal caries lesions · Children and adults with non-cavitated proximal (interproximal) caries lesions in primary and/or permanent teeth (ages…

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration · Dentists managing a defective direct amalgam restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a… · Not applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023), Overall (all 21 countries pooled)

Early childhood caries (presence/prevalence/severity by dmft/dmfs) · Healthy children under 6 years of age (6 months to 6 years); preschool children · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis (Wagner 2017 outlier excluded, k=9)

Treatment success (caries lesion arrest or restoration survival) · Children (aged 3-11 y) with cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth · 6 months, 6-month follow-up

Postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture · Postmenopausal women (European ancestry) · Lifelong genetic liability, SVMR (IVW), total causal effect

Risk of hip fractures · General population (both sexes, all ages) · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Overall dose-response (0 to highest exposure)

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7: non-stable (mobile) restoration · Continent: Asia

dmft index (primary teeth) · Children or adolescents with epilepsy · Children or adolescents

Clinical and radiographic success · Vital permanent teeth (mature or immature) with deep or extremely deep caries and asymptomatic pulp or reversible… · >=12 months

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries · Coverage: Covering cost of minimally invasive treatment

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin · HDI: High

Incidence of proximal (interdental) caries lesions from bitewing radiographs · Children, adolescents and adults undergoing fixed (multi-bracket) orthodontic treatment · At debonding (~23-24 months)

Periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) · Adults

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration · Continent: Europe

Reduced enamel demineralization · Cariogenic bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans reference strains) and oral biofilms in vitro · Exposure 24 h to 7 days

Serum ferritin level · Children and adolescents (0-18 years; most included reviews focused on <6 years)

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration · Continent: South America

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD

Osteoporosis · European GWAS participants · MVMR MR-Egger

Fracture of femur · European-ancestry adults · Lifelong genetic liability, MVMR (IVW), adjusted for periodontitis

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL sum score, transformed 0-100) · Community-dwelling elderly persons aged ≥60 years · Highest out-of-pocket expenditure

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity · Continent: South America

Lumbar spine and pelvis fracture · European GWAS participants · MVMR MR-Egger

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa

Virulence-gene expression related to adhesion acid production and exopolysaccharide synthesis · Reference strains of Streptococcus mutans and cariogenic biofilms · 24 h to 7 days