Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM38881267
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Vukovic Ana, Schmutz Kian Alessandro, Borg-Bartolo Roberta, et al. · International journal of paediatric dentistry · 2025 · PubMed · doi:10.1111/ipd.13224
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
23
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
53
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 23 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 12-year-old children in the European region (UN M49); observational epidemiological studies, cross-sectional surveys and public-health datasets/registers, 2011-2022, reporting caries as DMFT (or from which D3MFT could be calculated) | 493,360 twelve-year-old children from 36 European countries, drawn from 61 scientific and public-health reports (sample sizes 22 in Belgium to 89,442 in the United Kingdom); 34 countries contributed to the GNI/geographical meta-analysis and 32 to the expenditure analysis |
| Intervention | Macro-level socioeconomic exposures: gross national income (GNI), UN M49 geographical categorization, unemployment rate, Human Development Index (HDI), and per-capita expenditure on dental health care | GNI (modified 3-category); UN M49 region (East/South/North/West Europe); unemployment rate (low/medium/high); HDI (high/very high); per-capita dental expenditure ($0-50/$51-100/>$100) |
| Comparison | Contrasts across socioeconomic/geographical categories (higher vs lower income; Western/Northern vs Eastern/Southern Europe; lower vs higher unemployment; very-high vs high HDI; higher vs lower dental expenditure) | Higher vs lower income; West/North vs East/South Europe; lower vs higher unemployment; very-high vs high HDI; higher vs lower dental expenditure |
| Outcomes | Caries experience (DMFT index, and decayed/missing/filled components) in 12-year-olds | Overall pooled mean DMFT 2.10 (95% CI 1.63-2.57), I2=100%. Strong negative income-caries gradient (GNI ordinal OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03-0.37, p<.01). Mean DMFT by GNI: middle 3.30, high 2.38, very-high 0.90. By region: East 2.76, South 2.61, North 1.34, West 0.88. By expenditure: $0-50 3.06, $51-100 2.14, >$100 0.96 |
| Study designs | Observational epidemiological studies, cross-sectional surveys and national statistical oral-health registers; excluded special-care-needs samples, non-European regions, pre-2011 data, unfit age groups, and studies not reporting DMFT/D3MFT | 61 cross-sectional/observational reports across 36 countries; study quality (NHLBI tool) mostly fair (32 fair, 17 poor, 2 good) |
| Timing | Survey data from 2011 to 2022 | Cross-sectional (2011-2022); meta-regression on year of publication plus geographical location explained 32% of between-study heterogeneity |
Search date: June 2023. Databases: PubMed; Scopus; Embase; Google Scholar (plus hand search and Malmo University CAPP database)
Questions and results
All European countries pooled (overall) vs None (overall pooled prevalence)
Population: 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · Overall Across European countries the overall pooled mean DMFT in 12-year-olds was 2.10 (95% CI 1.63 to 2.57), with very high between-country heterogeneity (I2=100%); not GRADE-rated. Source: Figures 2-4 (forest plots, overall green diamond); Results paragraph (overall pooled mean DMFT = 2.10) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 2.10 [1.63, 2.57] | 34 studies · 493360 participants | Ungraded |
Higher national income (GNI per capita) vs Lower national income (GNI categories: middle <=$15,000 / high $15,001-25,000 / very high >$25,000)
Population: 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · Higher vs lower income (ordinal logistic regression, adjusted) Higher national income was strongly associated with lower odds of poor oral health (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.37; about 90% lower odds); not GRADE-rated. Source: Table 4 (ordinal logistic regression, GNI) · same question in other reviews | OR 0.10 [0.03, 0.37] | NR | Ungraded |
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · Very high income (GNI >$25,000) Mean DMFT in 12-year-olds rises as national income falls: 0.90 (very high income), 2.38 (high income), 3.30 (middle income) (Figure 2); not GRADE-rated. Source: Figure 2 (forest plot, pooled DMFT by GNI, GNI >$25000 subgroup diamond) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.90 [0.66, 1.15] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · High income (GNI $15,001-25,000) Mean DMFT in 12-year-olds rises as national income falls: 0.90 (very high income), 2.38 (high income), 3.30 (middle income) (Figure 2); not GRADE-rated. Source: Figure 2 (forest plot, pooled DMFT by GNI, GNI $15001-25000 subgroup diamond) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 2.38 [1.78, 2.97] | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · Middle income (GNI <=$15,000) Mean DMFT in 12-year-olds rises as national income falls: 0.90 (very high income), 2.38 (high income), 3.30 (middle income) (Figure 2); not GRADE-rated. Source: Figure 2 (forest plot, pooled DMFT by GNI, GNI <=$15000 subgroup diamond) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 3.30 [2.57, 4.03] | 12 studies | Ungraded |
Western/Northern Europe (UN M49 region) vs Eastern/Southern Europe (UN M49 geographical categorization)
Population: 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · North Europe Mean DMFT is lowest in West Europe (0.88) and North Europe (1.34) and highest in East Europe (2.76) and South Europe (2.61) (Figure 3); not GRADE-rated. Source: Figure 3 (forest plot, pooled DMFT by geographical location, North Europe subgroup diamond) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.34 [0.62, 2.06] | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · West Europe Mean DMFT is lowest in West Europe (0.88) and North Europe (1.34) and highest in East Europe (2.76) and South Europe (2.61) (Figure 3); not GRADE-rated. Source: Figure 3 (forest plot, pooled DMFT by geographical location, West Europe subgroup diamond) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.88 [0.54, 1.22] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · Geographical location (ordinal logistic regression, adjusted) In the adjusted ordinal model geographical location was not independently significant for DMFT category (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.35); not GRADE-rated. Source: Table 4 (ordinal logistic regression, geographical location) · same question in other reviews | OR 0.57 [0.24, 1.35] | NR | Ungraded |
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · South Europe Mean DMFT is lowest in West Europe (0.88) and North Europe (1.34) and highest in East Europe (2.76) and South Europe (2.61) (Figure 3); not GRADE-rated. Source: Figure 3 (forest plot, pooled DMFT by geographical location, South Europe subgroup diamond) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 2.61 [1.60, 3.62] | 12 studies | Ungraded |
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · East Europe Mean DMFT is lowest in West Europe (0.88) and North Europe (1.34) and highest in East Europe (2.76) and South Europe (2.61) (Figure 3); not GRADE-rated. Source: Figure 3 (forest plot, pooled DMFT by geographical location, East Europe subgroup diamond) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 2.76 [2.44, 3.08] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
All GNI strata vs No comparator (single-group pooled mean)
Population: 12-year-old children in European countries
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
DMFT caries experience 2011-2022 · Overall The overall pooled mean DMFT was 2.10 across all GNI strata. Source: Figure 2 · same question in other reviews | Mean DMFT 2.10 [1.63, 2.57] | 34 studies | Ungraded |
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · $0-50 per capita Population: 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022) Countries with higher per-capita dental expenditure had lower mean DMFT (>$100: 0.96; $51-100: 2.14; $0-50: 3.06) (Figure 4); not GRADE-rated. Source: Figure 4 (forest plot, pooled DMFT by per-capita dental expenditure, $0-50 per capita subgroup diamond) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 3.06 [2.32, 3.79] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · >$100 per capita Population: 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022) Countries with higher per-capita dental expenditure had lower mean DMFT (>$100: 0.96; $51-100: 2.14; $0-50: 3.06) (Figure 4); not GRADE-rated. Source: Figure 4 (forest plot, pooled DMFT by per-capita dental expenditure, >$100 per capita subgroup diamond) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.96 [0.64, 1.28] | 12 studies | Ungraded |
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · $51-100 per capita Population: 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022) Countries with higher per-capita dental expenditure had lower mean DMFT (>$100: 0.96; $51-100: 2.14; $0-50: 3.06) (Figure 4); not GRADE-rated. Source: Figure 4 (forest plot, pooled DMFT by per-capita dental expenditure, $51-100 per capita subgroup diamond) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 2.14 [1.40, 2.89] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Lower unemployment rate vs Higher unemployment rate (low <=5% / medium >5-10% / high >10%)
Population: 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · Medium unemployment (>5-10%) Mean DMFT tended to increase with unemployment rate (low 1.23, medium 2.08, high 2.38; ANOVA p<.05); descriptive country-level means only, not meta-analyzed or GRADE-rated. Source: Table 3B (DMFT by unemployment rate; one-way ANOVA) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 2.08 | NR | Ungraded |
Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · Unemployment rate (ordinal logistic regression, adjusted) Unemployment rate was not independently associated with DMFT category in the adjusted model (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.44 to 2.23); not GRADE-rated. Source: Table 4 (ordinal logistic regression, unemployment rate) · same question in other reviews | OR 0.99 [0.44, 2.23] | NR | Ungraded |
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · Low unemployment (<=5%) Mean DMFT tended to increase with unemployment rate (low 1.23, medium 2.08, high 2.38; ANOVA p<.05); descriptive country-level means only, not meta-analyzed or GRADE-rated. Source: Table 3B (DMFT by unemployment rate; one-way ANOVA) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.23 | NR | Ungraded |
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · High unemployment (>10%) Mean DMFT tended to increase with unemployment rate (low 1.23, medium 2.08, high 2.38; ANOVA p<.05); descriptive country-level means only, not meta-analyzed or GRADE-rated. Source: Table 3B (DMFT by unemployment rate; one-way ANOVA) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 2.38 | NR | Ungraded |
Very high Human Development Index (HDI >=0.800) vs High Human Development Index (HDI 0.700-0.799)
Population: 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · High HDI (0.700-0.799) Mean DMFT was higher in high-HDI (3.41) than very-high-HDI (1.73) countries (ANOVA p<.01); descriptive country-level means only, not meta-analyzed or GRADE-rated. Source: Table 3C (DMFT by Human Development Index; one-way ANOVA) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 3.41 | NR | Ungraded |
Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · Human Development Index (ordinal logistic regression, adjusted) HDI was not independently associated with DMFT category in the adjusted model (OR 1.82, 95% CI 0.32 to 10.47); not GRADE-rated. Source: Table 4 (ordinal logistic regression, Human Development Index) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.82 [0.32, 10.47] | NR | Ungraded |
Caries experience (mean DMFT) Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · Very high HDI (>=0.800) Mean DMFT was higher in high-HDI (3.41) than very-high-HDI (1.73) countries (ANOVA p<.01); descriptive country-level means only, not meta-analyzed or GRADE-rated. Source: Table 3C (DMFT by Human Development Index; one-way ANOVA) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.73 | NR | Ungraded |
All M49 regions vs No comparator (single-group pooled mean)
Population: 12-year-old children in European countries
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
DMFT caries experience 2011-2022 · Overall The overall pooled mean DMFT was 2.10 across all M49 regions. Source: Figure 3 · same question in other reviews | Mean DMFT 2.10 [1.63, 2.57] | 34 studies | Ungraded |
All dental health care expenditure strata vs No comparator (single-group pooled mean)
Population: 12-year-old children in European countries
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
DMFT caries experience 2011-2022 · Overall The overall pooled mean DMFT was 2.10 across all dental health care expenditure strata. Source: Figure 4 · same question in other reviews | Mean DMFT 2.10 [1.61, 2.59] | 32 studies | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 53
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almerich-Silla et al. 2014 Caries prevalence in children from Valencia (Spain) using ICDAS II criteria, 2010. PMID:25350591 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Campus et al. 2020 Caries severity and socioeconomic inequalities in a nationwide setting: data from the Italian National pathfinder in 12-years children. PMID:32973175 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Maldupa et al. 2021 Caries Prevalence and Severity for 12-Year-Old Children in Latvia. PMID:34024331 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Vernazza et al. 2016 Caries experience, the caries burden and associated factors in children in England, Wales and Northern Ireland 2013. PMID:27659635 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wang et al. 2021 Dental caries thresholds among adolescents in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, 2013 at 12, and 15 years: implications for… PMID:33740952 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Baker et al. 2018 Structural Determinants and Children's Oral Health: A Cross-National Study. PMID:29608864 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bilder et al. 2018 The pathfinder study among schoolchildren in the Republic of Moldova: dental caries experience. PMID:29696641 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bravo et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Calado et al. 2017 Caries prevalence and treatment needs in young people in Portugal: the third national study. PMID:28573842 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Davies et al. 2012 The caries experience of 11 to 12 year-old children in Scotland and Wales and 12 year-olds in England in 2008-2009: reports of… PMID:22482242 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Diamanti et al. 2021 Caries prevalence and caries experience (ICDAS II criteria) of 5-, 12- and 15-year-old Greek children in relation to socio-demographic… PMID:33423209 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Dianiskova et al. 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ekstrand & Abreu-Placeres 2020 The impact of a national caries strategy in Greenland 10 years after implementation. A failure or a success? PMID:32799764 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ferizi et al. 2020 Oral Health Status Among 12-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Kosovo DOI:10.1590/pboci.2020.082 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gaszynska et al. 2014 Thirty years of evolution of oral health behaviours and dental caries in urban and rural areas in Poland. PMID:25292128 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gorbatova et al. 2012 Dental caries experience among 12-year-old children in Northwest Russia. PMID:22482244 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gudkina et al. 2016 Factors influencing the caries experience of 6 and 12 year old children in Riga, Latvia. PMID:27649612 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Hysi et al. 2014 Caries experience and treatment needs among Albanian 12-year-olds. PMID:25300147 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Jipa & Amariei 2012 Oral health status of children aged 6-12 years from the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. PMID:22488031 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Jordan et al. 2014 The Fifth German Oral Health Study (Fünfte Deutsche Mundgesundheitsstudie, DMS V) - rationale, design, and methods. PMID:25547464 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kramer et al. 2016 Demographic factors and dental health of Swedish children and adolescents. PMID:26133545 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kuzmina et al. 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Leous 2016 [The feasibility of descriptive epidemiology in assessments of dental caries disease in children in Russia and Belarus]. PMID:27636756 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Leous et al. 2020 [Longitudinal study of the primary prevention effect on dental caries]. PMID:32441072 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Lesic et al. 2019 Caries prevalence among schoolchildren in urban and rural Croatia. PMID:31580564 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Malmo University 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Markovic & Arslanagic Muratbegovic 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Markovic 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Mensah et al. 2021 Swedish quality registry for caries and periodontal diseases (SKaPa): validation of data on dental caries in 6- and 12-year-old children. PMID:34301237 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Narbutaite et al. 2016 Variation in fluorosis and caries experience among Lithuanian 12 year olds exposed to more than 1 ppm F in tap water. PMID:25448884 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nonkulovski et al. 2022 Dental caries experience of 12 year old children from Resen municipality DOI:10.17352/2394-8418.000108 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Obregon-Rodriguez et al. 2019 Prevalence and caries-related risk factors in schoolchildren of 12- and 15-year-old: a cross-sectional study. PMID:31215489 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Olczak-Kowalczyk et al. 2016 Dental Caries Level and Sugar Consumption in 12-Year-Old Children from Poland. PMID:27629744 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ondine Lucaciu et al. 2020 A WHO Pathfinder Survey of Dental Caries in 6 and 12-Year Old Transylvanian Children and the Possible Correlation with Their Family… PMID:32545394 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Onov & Beltcheva 2020 Caries Prevalence in 12-year-old Children from Plovdiv - a Multifactorial Regression Analysis. PMID:32337903 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Oulis et al. 2012 Caries prevalence of 5, 12 and 15-year-old Greek children: a national pathfinder survey. PMID:22482246 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Panagidis & Schulte 2012 Caries prevalence in 12-year-old Cypriot children. PMID:23488213 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Peric et al. 2022 Oral Health in 12- and 15-Year-Old Children in Serbia: A National Pathfinder Study. PMID:36231568 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pieper et al. 2013 Caries prevalence in 12-year-old children from Germany: results of the 2009 national survey. PMID:24151786 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pilat et al. 2020 Oral health status of 6- and 12-year-old children of Roma origin from Eastern Slovakia: a pilot study. PMID:33338365 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Rodakowska et al. 2013 Epidemiological analysis of dental caries in 12-year-old children residing in urban and rural settings in the Podlaskie region of… PMID:23772585 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sarakinova et al. 2013 National strategy for prevention of oral diseases in children from 0 to 14 years old age in the Republic of Macedonia for the period… PMID:24280788 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sava-Rosianu et al. 2021 Caries Prevalence Associated with Oral Health-Related Behaviors among Romanian Schoolchildren. PMID:34204253 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sgan-Cohen et al. 2014 Dental caries among children in Georgia by age, gender, residence location and ethnic group. PMID:25300151 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Smolyar & Chuhray 2015 [The study of caries incidence in children according to WHO Significant Index of Caries]. PMID:27002702 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Splieth et al. 2019 40-Year Longitudinal Caries Development in German Adolescents in the Light of New Caries Measures. PMID:31352461 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Statistics Norway 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Steiner et al. 2011 Changes in dental caries in Zurich school-children over a period of 45 years. PMID:21243546 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sulo et al. 2022 Regional variations in caries experience, predictors, and follow-up among children and adolescents in Western Norway. PMID:34818125 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Szoke & Petersen 2020 Changing Levels of Dental Caries over 30 Years among Children in a Country of Central and Eastern Europe - The Case of Hungary. PMID:32238990 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Trufanova et al. 2018 Characteristics of epidemiology of dental caries in children from regions with high and optimum fluorine content in drinking water. PMID:29786582 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Vrbic et al. 2020 Epidemiology of Dental Caries and Disease Prevention Among 12-Year-Olds in Slovenia Over Thirty Years (1987-2017). PMID:32238991 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Waltimo et al. 2015 Caries experience in 7-, 12-, and 15-year-old schoolchildren in the canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland, from 1992 to 2011. PMID:26709202 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Dental caries at enamel and dentine level among European adolescents - a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2022) | 5 | 0.06 |