Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM40604755
Multimorbidity patterns of dental caries and obesity/overweight among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yu Su-Tong, Hua Jing-Yi, Zeng Yu-Han, et al. · BMC oral health · 2025 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12903-025-06371-x
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
9
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
24
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 9 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults (≥18 years); population-based cross-sectional or cohort studies published in English | Adults ≥18 years (n=270,408) across 6 countries (Turkey n=2, Portugal n=1, China n=3, Japan n=1, Saudi Arabia n=3, Israel n=1, South Korea n=7) |
| Intervention | Obesity or overweight (WHO BMI ≥30 obese, ≥25 overweight, or study-specific criteria; some used waist circumference) | Obesity/overweight by BMI (16 studies) or waist circumference (2 studies: Park 2020, Cao 2017) |
| Comparison | Not overweight or obese (normal weight; some studies included low-weight controls) | Not overweight or obese (normal or low weight) |
| Outcomes | Dental caries assessed as a binary variable (caries vs no caries; continuous-caries studies excluded) | Dental caries: DMFT (14 studies), 'number of dental caries' (3), dentist-diagnosed (1) |
| Study designs | Population-based cross-sectional or cohort (observational) studies | 18 cross-sectional studies (270,408 participants; sample sizes 185 to 110,068) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |
Search date: January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2025. Databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wiley
Questions and results
Obesity or overweight (higher BMI, mostly WHO BMI ≥25/≥30; 2 studies used waist circumference) vs Normal weight (not overweight or obese)
Population: Adults (≥18 years)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) By region: West Asia In West Asian studies, no significant association with dental caries (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.50; ungraded). Source: Results, 'Subgroup analysis by study region'; Fig. 5 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.23 [0.96, 1.50] | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) By region: East Asia In East Asian studies, no significant association with dental caries (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.11; ungraded). Source: Results, 'Subgroup analysis by study region'; Fig. 5 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.02 [0.94, 1.11] | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) By confounder adjustment: not adjusted Studies that did not adjust for confounders showed a positive association with dental caries (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.29; significant; ungraded). Source: Results, 'Subgroup analysis by confounder adjustment'; Fig. 6 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.17 [1.04, 1.29] | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) By confounder adjustment: adjusted After adjustment for confounders, obesity/overweight was not associated with dental caries (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.12; ungraded). Source: Results, 'Subgroup analysis by confounder adjustment'; Fig. 6 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.00 [0.89, 1.12] | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries (binary; DMFT-based or dentist-diagnosed caries present) By BMI classification: overweight (vs study-defined non-overweight: normal or low weight) In the overweight subgroup, no significant association with dental caries (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.00; ungraded). Source: Results, 'Subgroup analysis by BMI'; Fig. 3 · same question in other reviews | OR 0.99 [0.98, 1.00] | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) Obesity or overweight was not significantly associated with dental caries in adults (pooled OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.14; not significant; ungraded). Source: Results, 'Quantitative meta-analysis'; Fig. 2; Table 1; Abstract · same question in other reviews | OR 1.06 [0.98, 1.14] | 18 studies · 270408 participants | Ungraded |
Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) By sample size: n ≥ 5000 In larger studies (n ≥ 5000), no significant association with dental caries (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.16; ungraded). Source: Results, 'Subgroup analysis by sample size'; Fig. 4 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.04 [0.92, 1.16] | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries (binary; DMFT-based or dentist-diagnosed caries present) By BMI classification: obesity (vs study-defined non-obese: normal or low weight) In the obesity subgroup, no significant association with dental caries (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.23; ungraded). Source: Results, 'Subgroup analysis by BMI'; Fig. 3 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.04 [0.85, 1.23] | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) By sample size: n < 5000 In smaller studies (n < 5000), no significant association with dental caries (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.30; ungraded). Source: Results, 'Subgroup analysis by sample size'; Fig. 4 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.13 [0.95, 1.30] | NR | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 24
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arslan 2023 Evaluation of the Relationship Between Oral Health and Body Mass Index. PMID:37909201 | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ashour 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ashour A.A., 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ben-Assuli 2022 Body Mass Index and Caries: Machine Learning and Statistical Analytics of the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) Nationwide Big… PMID:36676963 | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bokhari 2022 Dental Caries and Associated Risk Indicators among Married Saudi Women. PMID:34921383 | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Cao 2017 Relationship between dental caries and metabolic syndrome among 13 998 middle-aged urban Chinese. PMID:27147550 | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Chang 2021 Association between Findings in Oral Health Screening and Body Mass Index: A Nation-Wide Longitudinal Study. PMID:34769582 | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Chen 2023 Common risk factors for dental caries and impaired glucose regulation in Guangxi, China. PMID:37691409 | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Cho 2016 Association between oral health status and body mass index in older adults DOI:10.13065/jksdh.2016.16.01.129 | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Çiftçi 2024 Utilization of machine learning models in predicting caries risk groups and oral health-related risk factors in adults. PMID:38589865 | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Guerreiro 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Guerreiro E., 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Jouhar 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Jouhar R., 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kang 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kang H.J., 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2017 Body mass index and oral health status in Korean adults: the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PMID:26842672 | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Lee S.H., 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ojima 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ojima M., 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Park 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Park K.H., 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sheng 2018 Correlation between oral health and quality of life among the elderly in Southwest China from 2013 to 2015. PMID:29794757 | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Song 2017 Obesity is inversely related to the risks of dental caries in Korean adults. PMID:28544064 | this review only | Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |