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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,971 questions · 9,849 findings · 853 reviews

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No studies found 1,150 · 11.7%GRADE not reported 3,387 · 34.4%Very low 1,963 · 19.9%Low 1,809 · 18.4%Moderate 1,207 · 12.3%High 333 · 3.4%

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AA+GG (homozygous) genotypes vs AG (heterozygous) genotype

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

FokI(rs2228570) over-dominant model: AA+GG vs AG was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 1.04); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D level ≤35 nmol/L vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries · Children aged 2 to 8 years

The review reported a slightly higher odds ratio at maternal prenatal vitamin D ≤35 nmol/L than at ≤50 nmol/L, without a numeric value in the available sources.

1 finding from 1 review

Overweight/obesity (combined) vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Dental caries prevalence · Brazilian children in primary dentition (BMI classified by CDC 2000 growth charts)

The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of overweight/obesity on caries odds in the primary dentition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gene sequencing (GS) applied to diagnose/manage oral conditions (predominantly 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing of the oral microbiome; also genome-wide/whole-genome sequencing) vs Negligible ('abysmal') effect of gene sequencing; no separate comparator arm (within-sample event contrast in the forest plots)

Reduction in occurrence of oral conditions · Human patients (any age) with oral-cavity related disorders (e.g. dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, peri-implant mucositis,…

Pooled across 8 clinical trials, gene sequencing was associated with a statistically significant risk difference for impact on oral-cavity disorders (RD -0.29, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.26); certainty not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Er:YAG laser irradiation of enamel after demineralisation vs No anticaries intervention (untreated enamel)

Enamel surface microhardness · Demineralised / white-spot-lesion enamel (in vitro specimens)

In demineralised enamel, Er:YAG laser irradiation did not significantly change surface microhardness versus untreated control (SMD 0.66, 95% CI -1.12 to 2.44; 2 in vitro studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

History of toothache vs No history of toothache

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

A history of toothache was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.679-3.314; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

C allele vs A allele

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

ApaI(rs7975232) allelic model: C vs A was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 0.89); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo or control

Streptococcus viridans count (CFU/mL) · Children and/or adolescents (<18 years) without background systemic disease

Only one trial (Mishra 2014) reported S. viridans count, showing a higher count with probiotics (MD 0.40 CFU/mL, 95%CI 0.33 to 0.47); not pooled or GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Er:YAG laser irradiation of sound enamel before acid challenge vs No anticaries intervention (untreated enamel)

Enamel demineralization (QLF ΔF) · Human tooth enamel specimens, sound/intact (in vitro)

Er:YAG laser irradiation significantly reduced enamel mineral loss versus untreated control (SMD -2.09, 95% CI -3.29 to -0.88; 4 in vitro studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) vs No cleft lip and/or palate (non-CL/P)

Streptococcus mutans count · Children and adolescents aged 0-18 years with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP)

No difference in mean Streptococcus mutans presence was reported; GRADE was not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Institutionalization (living in an orphanage/institution) vs Parented children living with their families

Caries in primary teeth: dmft (3 years) · Institutionalized orphan children (roughly 3 to 18 years)

Primary-teeth caries experience (dmf) was higher in institutionalized children than parented children but not significantly so (pooled MD 0.64; very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extraction of the mandibular permanent first molar vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

Rotation of the mandibular first premolar · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)

After mandibular first molar extraction, the first premolar was rotated in about 38% of cases (2 studies; very imprecise; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review