Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

67 questions · 69 findings · 40 reviews

No studies found 1 · 1.4%GRADE not reported 4 · 5.8%Very low 15 · 21.7%Low 24 · 34.8%Moderate 14 · 20.3%High 11 · 15.9%

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · preterm infants

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth showed no clear difference in preterm birth < 37 weeks' gestation compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · women undergoing home monitoring for preventing preterm birth versus women receiving standard care

The intervention leads to lower preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth less than 37 weeks' gestation · women undergoing home monitoring for preventing preterm birth versus women receiving standard care

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes preterm birth less than 37 weeks' gestation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Any preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks) · women with a previous stillbirth of > 20 weeks' gestation who are pregnant or considering a subsequent pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes any preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Any preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks) · women with a previous stillbirth of ≥ 20 weeks' gestation who are pregnant or considering a subsequent pregnancy

The intervention showed no clear difference in any preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone may leads to higher preterm birth less than 34 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth less than 28 weeks · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone showed no clear difference in preterm birth less than 28 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics vs cervical cerclage

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation

It is very uncertain whether cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics changes preterm birth < 34 completed weeks of pregnancy compared with cervical cerclage alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review