Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

28 questions · 30 findings · 12 reviews · Neonatal

No studies found 1 · 3.3%GRADE not reported 5 · 16.7%Very low 5 · 16.7%Low 15 · 50%Moderate 2 · 6.7%High 2 · 6.7%

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm neonates after extubation

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in mortality (defined as death before discharge) compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Failure of treatment ‐ death or intermittent positive‐pressure ventilation (IPPV) before hospital discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled NO vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge · respiratory failure in preterm infants

Inhaled NO showed no clear difference in death before discharge ‐ Studies with entry before 3 days based on… compared with control (high certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations

Death at hospital discharge · preterm infants resuscitated by PPV at birth

Use of initial sustained inflation showed no clear difference in death ‒before discharge compared with standard inflations (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HFNC vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Death (before hospital discharge) or BPD (supplemental oxygen/respiratory support at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age if born < 32 weeks' gestation, or 28 days if born ≥ 32 weeks' gestation) · preterm infants requiring primary respiratory support

Nasal high flow showed no clear difference in death (before hospital discharge) or BPD(supplemental… compared with continuous positive airway pressure (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HFNC vs nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation

Death (before hospital discharge) or BPD (supplemental oxygen/respiratory support at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age if born < 32 weeks' gestation, or 28 days if born ≥ 32 weeks' gestation) · preterm infants requiring primary respiratory support

It is very uncertain whether nasal high flow changes death (before hospital discharge) or BPD (supplemental… compared with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review