Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

35 questions · 35 findings · 22 reviews · Airways

No studies found 4 · 11.4%GRADE not reported 1 · 2.9%Very low 5 · 14.3%Low 9 · 25.7%Moderate 8 · 22.9%High 8 · 22.9%

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Treatment failure ‐ need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) · adults and children with chronic asthma

Increased showed no clear difference in treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Treatment failure ‐ need for systemic corticosteroids (of those starting inhaler) · adults and children with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether increased changes treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (of those… compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stopping LABA vs continuing use of LABA+ICS

Rate of exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids · adults with asthma well controlled on LABA and ICS

Stopping LABA showed no clear difference in exacerbation: systemic corticosteroids 17 weeks compared with continuing use of LABA+ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐leukotrienes & ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Number of participants experiencing one or more episode requiring treatment with oral steroids · children with asthma

Anti‐leukotrienes & ICS may leads to lower participants with one or more exacerbations requiring oral… compared with same dose ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐leukotrienes & ICS vs ICS dose increase

Number of participants experiencing one or more episode requiring treatment with oral steroids · children with asthma

Anti‐leukotrienes & ICS may leads to lower participants with one or more exacerbations requiring oral… compared with higher dose ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids or antibiotics, or both · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids… compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS vs daily ICS

Number of participants experiencing one or more episode requiring treatment with oral steroids · Children and adults with persistent asthma.

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS showed no clear difference in patients with 1 or more exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids… compared with daily ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patients with ≥ 1 exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids Duration of trials: 8 to 13 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in patients with ≥ 1 exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patients with ≥ 1 exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

The intervention probably leads to lower patients with ≥ 1 exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Participants with ≥ 1 exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids Duration of trials: 8 to 24 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in participants with ≥ 1 exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids3 months · adults or children with asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids3 months (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids 7.3‐month · people with asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids 7.3‐month (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Exacerbations requiring a course of oral corticosteroids · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under studies with asthma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review