Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

12 questions · 13 findings · 8 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 1 · 7.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 5 · 38.5%Low 4 · 30.8%Moderate 3 · 23.1%High 0 · 0%

Tranexamic acid vs placebo

Blood transfusion · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

It is very uncertain whether tranexamic acid changes transfusion Number needing blood transfusion compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tranexamic acid vs placebo + standard care

Severity of re‐bleeding: proportion of patients requiring blood transfusion within 10 days · adults with nasal haemorrhage (epistaxis)

Tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in severity of re‐bleeding: proportion of patients requiring blood… compared with placebo plus usual care or usual care alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard care plus IV tranexamic acid vs placebo or usual care

Blood transfusion · women with primary postpartum haemorrhage following vaginal or caesarean birth

Standard care plus IV tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in blood transfusion (any) compared with placebo or standard care alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

Risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

Risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

Intravenous tranexamic acid may leads to lower risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants receiving blood transfusion: tranexamic acid vs placebo · children undergoing surgery for scoliosis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants receiving blood transfusion: tranexamic acid… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Blood transfusion · Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Topical TXA probably leads to lower blood transfusion compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Rate of RBC transfusion (total number of participants who required at least one unit of red blood cell transfusion) Time: perioperative and postoperative periods · adult women with advanced EOC undergoing cytoreductive surgery (one randomised trial available)

The intervention showed no clear difference in rate of RBC transfusion (total number of participants who required… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review