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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

25 questions · 25 findings · 16 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 5 · 20%GRADE not reported 1 · 4%Very low 8 · 32%Low 7 · 28%Moderate 3 · 12%High 1 · 4%

Prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery vs no prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery

All‐cause mortality within 30 days of surgery · people with a low platelet count

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery changes all‐cause mortality within 30 days of surgery compared with no prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures vs no prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures (colloid, crystalloid, placebo, or no treatment)

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days № of participants: 72 (1 RCT) · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures changes all‐cause mortality up to 30 days № of participants: 72 (1 RCT) compared with no prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—non‐cardiac surgery

All‐cause mortality (30 days)—non‐cardiac surgery · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days)—non‐cardiac surgery compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures vs alternative haemostatic agents

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days ‐ not reported · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—cardiac surgery

All‐cause mortality (30 days)—cardiac surgery · patients with coronary heart disease and/or valvular heart disease

Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days)—cardiac surgery compared with control—cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist vs control

All‐cause mortality (within 30‐days after surgery: any reported death) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery

Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (within 30‐days after surgery: any reported death) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) vs no RIPC

Composite endpoint (including all‐cause mortality, non‐fatal myocardial infarction and/or any new stroke assessed at 30 days after surgery) · people undergoing CABG (with or without valve surgery)

RIPC showed no clear difference in composite endpoint (including all‐cause mortality, non‐fatal… compared with no RIPC (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

Intravenous tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes all‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Fibrin sealant vs usual care

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days · people aged 18 and over undergoing vascular surgery

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Fibrin sealant changes all‐cause mortality up to 30 days compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

All‐cause mortality rate at 30 days · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality rate at 30 days compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuation vs discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy

All‐cause mortality (up to 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery

Continuation showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (up to 30 days) compared with discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitroglycerin vs no treatment

All‐cause mortality in 30 days post operation · patients (15 years of age and older) undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under any type of anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitroglycerin changes all‐cause mortality in 30 days post operation compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review