Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

254 questions · 260 findings · 116 reviews

No studies found 72 · 27.7%GRADE not reported 20 · 7.7%Very low 90 · 34.6%Low 47 · 18.1%Moderate 27 · 10.4%High 4 · 1.5%

Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events: e.g. soreness, discomfort, cramps, pain · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events: e.g. soreness, discomfort, cramps, pain · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

It is very uncertain whether combinations of conservative treatments changes number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events:… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Thromboelastography threshold vs standard of care (laboratory parameters)

Serious adverse events measured by plasma transfusion‐related complications within 24 hours № of participants: 21 (1 RCT) · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

It is very uncertain whether thromboelastography threshold changes serious adverse events measured by plasma transfusion‐related… compared with standard of care (laboratory parameters) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery
1 finding from 1 review

Duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection vs pancreaticoduodenectomy

Adverse events (proportion) · people requiring surgery for chronic pancreatitis

It is very uncertain whether duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection changes adverse events (proportion) compared with pancreaticoduodenectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone

Adverse events at 3 to 12 months' · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection)

Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy showed no clear difference in adverse events at 3 to 12 months' compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Suprasorb CNP system vs the ABThera system

Adverse events (fistulae formation) · adults with an open abdomen after surgery who have not experienced trauma

It is very uncertain whether suprasorb CNP system changes adverse events (fistulae formation) compared with the ABThera system (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination chemotherapy vs single‐agent chemotherapy

Toxicity ‐ early adverse events G3/4 · people with resectable stage II and III rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery

Combination chemotherapy probably leads to higher toxicity ‐ early adverse events G3/4 compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review