Cochrane Review Group
Fertility Regulation
31 systematic reviews in Fertility Regulation ask 515 questions. 19.2% have no studies to answer them, 13.6% rest on very low certainty evidence and 36.5% reach moderate or high certainty.
Reviews
31
Questions
515
current versions
No studies
19.2%
Moderate or high
36.5%
No studies 99 · 19.2%Ungraded 11 · 2.1%Very low 70 · 13.6%Low 147 · 28.5%Moderate 153 · 29.7%High 35 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Thinnest evidence
All no studies and very low questions| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ 14 mL 1% chloroprocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · women requesting a surgical abortion at seven to 12 weeks of gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ 14 mL 1% chloroprocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · women requesting a surgical abortion at seven to 12 weeks of gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Ultracaine paracervical block vs placebo (normal saline) paracervical block/no paracervical block Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Ultracaine paracervical block vs placebo (normal saline) paracervical block/no paracervical block Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Topical cervical lidocaine spray vs ultracaine paracervical block Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Topical cervical lidocaine spray vs ultracaine paracervical block Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Intravenous paracetamol vs ultracaine paracervical block Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Intravenous paracetamol vs ultracaine paracervical block Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% plain lidocaine vs 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion in the first trimester Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% plain lidocaine vs 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion in the first trimester Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% lidocaine paracervical block vs sham paracervical block Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at less than 11 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% buffered lidocaine vs 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion in the first trimester Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Reviews 31
Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion
CochraneSoF table
57 questions
Mobile phone‐based interventions for improving contraception use
CochraneSoF table
2 questions
Progestin intrauterine devices versus copper intrauterine devices for emergency contraception
CochraneSoF table
7 questions
Risk of thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19 who are using hormonal contraception
CochraneSoF table
12 questions
Medical methods for first trimester abortion
CochraneSoF table
40 questions
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use
CochraneSoF table
53 questions
Immediate versus delayed postpartum insertion of contraceptive implant and IUD for contraception
CochraneSoF table
13 questions
Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks’ gestation
CochraneSoF table
44 questions
Immediate versus delayed postabortal insertion of contraceptive implant
CochraneSoF table
8 questions
Medical abortion offered in pharmacy versus clinic‐based settings
CochraneSoF table
6 questions
Self‐administered versus provider‐administered medical abortion
CochraneSoF table
6 questions
Interventions for emergency contraception
CochraneSoF table
56 questions
Strategies to improve adherence and continuation of shorter‐term hormonal methods of contraception
CochraneSoF table
10 questions
Interventions for intra‐operative pain relief during postpartum mini‐laparotomy tubal ligation
CochraneSoF table
21 questions
Techniques for the interruption of tubal patency for female sterilisation
CochraneSoF table
30 questions
Interventions for preventing unintended pregnancies among adolescents
CochraneSoF table
17 questions
Theory‐based interventions for contraception
CochraneSoF table
15 questions
Hormonal contraceptives for contraception in overweight or obese women
CochraneSoF table
2 questions
Progestin‐only contraceptives: effects on weight
CochraneSoF table
7 questions
Behavioral interventions for improving contraceptive use among women living with HIV
CochraneSoF table
6 questions
Antibiotics for treating septic abortion
CochraneSoF table
14 questions
Brief educational strategies for improving contraception use in young people
CochraneSoF table
8 questions
School‐based interventions for improving contraceptive use in adolescents
CochraneSoF table
7 questions
Education for contraceptive use by women after childbirth
CochraneSoF table
3 questions
Immediate postpartum insertion of intrauterine device for contraception
CochraneSoF table
5 questions