Cochrane Review Group

Fertility Regulation

31 systematic reviews in Fertility Regulation ask 515 questions. 19.2% have no studies to answer them, 13.6% rest on very low certainty evidence and 36.5% reach moderate or high certainty.

Reviews

Questions

515

current versions

No studies

19.2%

Moderate or high

36.5%

No studies 99 · 19.2%Ungraded 11 · 2.1%Very low 70 · 13.6%Low 147 · 28.5%Moderate 153 · 29.7%High 35 · 6.8%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Search questions in Fertility Regulation

Thinnest evidence

All no studies and very low questions

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Summary of findings table ‐ 14 mL 1% chloroprocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · women requesting a surgical abortion at seven to 12 weeks of gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ 14 mL 1% chloroprocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · women requesting a surgical abortion at seven to 12 weeks of gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Ultracaine paracervical block vs placebo (normal saline) paracervical block/no paracervical block Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Ultracaine paracervical block vs placebo (normal saline) paracervical block/no paracervical block Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Topical cervical lidocaine spray vs ultracaine paracervical block Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Topical cervical lidocaine spray vs ultracaine paracervical block Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Intravenous paracetamol vs ultracaine paracervical block Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Intravenous paracetamol vs ultracaine paracervical block Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% plain lidocaine vs 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion in the first trimester Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% plain lidocaine vs 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion in the first trimester Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% lidocaine paracervical block vs sham paracervical block Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at less than 11 weeks' gestation Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% buffered lidocaine vs 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion in the first trimester Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies