Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM41892747
Is There an Association Between Periodontitis and Gestational Diabetes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Giancotti Ludovica, Sorrenti Sara, Marini Lorenzo, et al. · Dentistry journal · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/dj14030139
Findings
Population Pregnant women in the second and third trimesters
5 findings
| Gestational diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Pregnant women without gestational diabetes | Probing pocket depth (PPD, mm) Second and third trimester | MD 0.24 [0.17, 0.31] GRADE not reported 8 studies · 1203 participants |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Pregnant women without gestational diabetes | Periodontitis prevalence Second and third trimester | OR 2.10 [1.64, 2.69] GRADE not reported 14 studies · 11436 participants |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Pregnant women without gestational diabetes | Gingivitis Second and third trimester | OR 1.01 [0.61, 1.67] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 1310 participants |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Pregnant women without gestational diabetes | Clinical attachment loss (CAL, mm) Second and third trimester | MD 0.16 [-0.04, 0.36] GRADE not reported 8 studies · 1203 participants |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Pregnant women without gestational diabetes | Bleeding on probing (BOP, %) Second and third trimester | MD 8.28 [3.21, 13.35] GRADE not reported 8 studies · 1375 participants |
Included primary studies 28
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chaparro 2021 Induction of premature parturition in sheep: adrenocorticotrophin and corticosteroid changes during infusion of Synacthen into the foetus. PMID:202133 | 1978 | 3 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Şimşek 2023 Purification and properties of NAD+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from spinach leaves. PMID:202324 | 1978 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bullon 2014 The pharmacological profile of norgestimate, a new orally active progestin. PMID:201429 | 1977 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cheng 2025 The estimation and characterisation of concanavalin A receptors on the surface of normal and SV-40 transformed 3T3 fibroblasts using the… PMID:202523 | 1978 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jamal 2024 [Eaton-Lambert syndrome improved after operation of lung cancer. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID:202427 | 1977 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kumar 2018 Hydroxylated chlorpromazine metabolites: positive inotropic action and the release of catecholamines. PMID:201831 | 1977 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Novak 2006 The influences of ACTH, dietary sodium, upright posture and angiotensin II on plasma 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone levels in normal… PMID:200632 | 1977 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bullon 2014 Relation of periodontitis and metabolic syndrome with gestational glucose metabolism disorder. PMID:23952077 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bunpeng 2021 Studies on NAD+ permeability in intact mitochondria from rabbit reticulocytes. PMID:202125 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bunpeng 2021 Association between gestational diabetes mellitus and periodontitis via the effect of reactive oxygen species in peripheral blood cells. PMID:34787908 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chaparro 2021 Early pregnancy levels of gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinases-8 and -9 are associated with the severity of periodontitis… PMID:32789908 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cheng 2025 Mediating role of systemic inflammation on the association between periodontitis and gestational diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. PMID:40670950 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chokwiriyachit 2013 Megakaryoblastic acute leukemia: identification by the ultrastructural demonstration of platelet peroxidase. PMID:201318 | 1978 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chokwiriyachit 2013 Periodontitis and gestational diabetes mellitus in non-smoking females. PMID:23075430 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Damante 2021 Degradation of mitochondria by cytosolic factors in reticulocytes. PMID:202126 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Damante 2021 Association among gestational diabetes mellitus, periodontitis and prematurity: a cross-sectional study. PMID:35263049 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dasanayake 2008 Periodontal pathogens and gestational diabetes mellitus. PMID:18362313 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dasanayake 2008 [Value of sensitization of adult albino rats with amebic antigen before their inoculation with the culture of Entamoeba histolytica]. PMID:200834 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Esteves Lima 2014 Adrenocortical function after stimulation with synthetic ACTH. PMID:201430 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Esteves Lima 2014 Association between periodontitis and gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. PMID:23106510 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jamal 2024 Association of periodontal disease with gestational diabetes mellitus among postpartum women at a private tertiary care hospital of… PMID:38688972 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kumar 2018 Association between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes mellitus-A prospective cohort study. PMID:29611219 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Novak 2006 Periodontitis and gestational diabetes mellitus: exploring the link in NHANES III. PMID:16913241 | 2006 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Şimşek 2023 Comparison of oxidative stress markers in the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and serum samples of pregnant women with gestational… PMID:37154237 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Waligora 2023 The amino acid sequence of cytochrome c from the blowfly Lucilia cuprina. PMID:202328 | 1978 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Waligora 2023 Salivary matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a biomarker of periodontitis in pregnant patients with diabetes. PMID:36961401 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Xiong 2009 Periodontal disease is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. PMID:19905944 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Xiong 2009 Norepinephrine induces glial-specific enzyme activity in cultured plasma glioma cells. PMID:200919 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Pregnant women in the second and third trimesters | Pregnant women, about 3800 per the text (about 980 with GDM, 2820 without); forest plot totals 1027 with GDM and 10409 controls for periodontitis |
| Intervention | Exposure: pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) | GDM (n=14 studies) |
| Comparison | Pregnant women without GDM | No GDM (n=14 studies) |
| Outcomes | Prevalence and severity of periodontitis (primary); CAL (primary severity parameter); PPD and BOP (secondary); gingivitis | Periodontitis (n=14); gingivitis (n=5); BOP (n=8); PPD (n=8); CAL (n=8) |
| Study designs | Observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort) | Case-control, cross-sectional and cohort studies (n=14) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |