Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM38997699
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and early childhood dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Samani Dorsa, Ziaei SeyedMehdi, Musaie Farhan, et al. · BMC oral health · 2024 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12903-024-04548-4
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
17
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
12
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 17 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Pregnant women and their children (exposure assessed in pregnancy; caries outcome in children) | Children, 90,405 participants across 12 studies (published 2007-2023; England, Japan, Australia, Poland, USA, Sweden, Italy, Singapore) |
| Intervention | Maternal smoking during pregnancy | Maternal smoking during pregnancy |
| Comparison | No maternal smoking during pregnancy | No maternal smoking during pregnancy |
| Outcomes | Dental caries in children | Dental caries in children (n=12 studies) |
| Study designs | Observational studies (all observational studies eligible; excluded reviews, letters, abstracts, in vivo studies, non-English) | 7 cohort and 5 cross-sectional studies (n=12) |
| Timing | Not specified | Studies published 2007-2023; children's ages <3 to 7 years |
Search date: 15 November 2023. Databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar; manual search of reference lists
Questions and results
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy
Population: Children of mothers assessed for smoking status during pregnancy (early childhood dental caries)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Dental examination: Clinical and radiographic examinations In the study using clinical and radiographic examinations, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 2.21, 95% CI 2.09 to 2.34). Source: Table 3 (Dental examination: Clinical and radiographic examinations) · same question in other reviews | OR 2.21 [2.09, 2.34] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Study region: Europe In European studies, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.99). Source: Table 3 (Study region: Europe) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.67 [1.40, 1.99] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Sample size: <=1000 In studies with sample size <=1000, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.40). Source: Table 3 (Sample size: <=1000) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.63 [1.11, 2.40] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Overall (all 12 studies pooled) Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased odds of dental caries in children (pooled OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.05); ungraded, high heterogeneity (I2=68.53%) and publication bias present. Source: Fig. 2 (forest plot, overall diamond); Table 3 (Overall row); Abstract; Results 'Meta-analysis and publication bias' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.774 [1.554, 2.026] | 12 studies · 90405 participants | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Sample size: >3000 In studies with sample size >3000, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 2.18, 95% CI 2.07 to 2.31). Source: Table 3 (Sample size: >3000) · same question in other reviews | OR 2.18 [2.07, 2.31] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Study region: Asia In Asian studies, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.10). Source: Table 3 (Study region: Asia) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.71 [1.40, 2.10] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Children's age: <=3 years In children aged <=3 years, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.91). Source: Table 3 (Children's age: <=3 years) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.70 [1.50, 1.91] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Sample size: >1000 and ≤3000 In studies with sample size 1000 to 3000, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.88). Source: Table 3 (Sample size: 1000-3000) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.70 [1.48, 1.88] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries Overall Population: Children Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of dental caries in children (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.05; ungraded). Source: Fig. 2; Table 3 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.78 [1.55, 2.05] | 12 studies · 90405 participants | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Dental examination: Visual/tactile examination In studies using visual/tactile examination, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.74). Source: Table 3 (Dental examination: Visual/tactile examination) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.48 [1.26, 1.74] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Study region: USA In the USA study, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.49). Source: Table 3 (Study region: USA) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.85 [1.38, 2.49] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Children's age: >3 years In children aged >3 years, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.18). Source: Table 3 (Children's age: >3 years) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.83 [1.53, 2.18] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Study region: Australia In the Australian study, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.10). Source: Table 3 (Study region: Australia) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.68 [1.35, 2.10] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Dental examination: Clinical oral examinations In studies using clinical oral examinations, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.26). Source: Table 3 (Dental examination: Clinical oral examinations) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.82 [1.47, 2.26] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Dental examination: Parent-reported dental caries In the study using parent-reported caries, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.10). Source: Table 3 (Dental examination: Parent-reported dental caries) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.68 [1.35, 2.10] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood · Dental examination: Visual examination In studies using visual examination, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.16). Source: Table 3 (Dental examination: Visual examination) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.85 [1.59, 2.16] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy
Population: Children
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries Study region: Australia Among studies from Australia, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.10; ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.68 [1.35, 2.10] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 12
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majorana 2014 Feeding and smoking habits as cumulative risk factors for early childhood caries in toddlers, after adjustment for several behavioral… PMID:24528500 | 4 other reviews | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Akinkugbe 2021 Does the Trimester of Smoking Matter in the Association between Prenatal Smoking and the Risk of Early Childhood Caries? PMID:33508853 | 1 other review | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Hanioka 2008 Dental caries in 3-year-old children and smoking status of parents. PMID:19000292 | 1 other review | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Julihn 2018 Socioeconomic Determinants, Maternal Health, and Caries in Young Children. PMID:30263967 | 1 other review | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kalhan 2020 Caries Risk Prediction Models in a Medical Health Care Setting. PMID:32311276 | 1 other review | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nakayama 2022 Risk Factors for Early Childhood Caries in Three-Year-Old Japanese Children: A Prospective Cohort Study. PMID:36309780 | 1 other review | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tanaka 2009 The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy and postnatal household smoking on dental caries in young children. PMID:19555966 | 1 other review | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Borowska-Struginska 2016 Prenatal and familial factors of caries in first permanent molars in schoolchildren living in urban area of Łódź, Poland. PMID:26749439 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Claudia 2016 The relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and parental-reported experience of dental caries in Indigenous Australian… PMID:28537368 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Iida 2007 Association between infant breastfeeding and early childhood caries in the United States. PMID:17908749 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sobiech 2023 The association of maternal smoking and other sociobehavioral factors with dental caries in toddlers: A cross-sectional study. PMID:37077335 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tanaka 2015 Association of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and postnatal exposure to household smoking with dental caries in 3-year-old Japanese… PMID:26492399 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).