Primary study · included by 2 reviews

The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy and postnatal household smoking on dental caries in young children.

Tanaka 2009 · Tanaka Keiko, Miyake Yoshihiro, Sasaki Satoshi · The Journal of pediatrics · 2009

PubMed 19555966 doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.03.032Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Trial PICO

Not extracted yet. Trial-level population, intervention, comparator, outcomes and design will appear here after the trial extraction run. Until then, the reviews below describe the study.

Results

Not extracted yet. Per-trial results (events, means, effect and weight as each review's forest plot reports them) will appear here after the trial extraction run.

Included by

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and early childhood dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2024 · cited as Tanaka 2009 · Table 2 (Baseline characteristics); Reference [17]; Fig. 2 (forest plot, pooled)

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.85 [1.38, 2.49]	1 study	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 2.21 [2.09, 2.34]	1 study	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.67 [1.40, 1.99]	4 studies	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.48 [1.26, 1.74]	4 studies	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.63 [1.11, 2.40]	3 studies	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.774 [1.554, 2.026]	12 studies · 90405 participants	Ungraded
Dental caries Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy	OR 1.78 [1.55, 2.05]	12 studies · 90405 participants	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 2.18 [2.07, 2.31]	2 studies	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.71 [1.40, 2.10]	5 studies	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.83 [1.53, 2.18]	5 studies	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.70 [1.50, 1.91]	7 studies	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.70 [1.48, 1.88]	7 studies	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.68 [1.35, 2.10]	1 study	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.68 [1.35, 2.10]	1 study	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.82 [1.47, 2.26]	2 studies	Ungraded
Dental caries in children Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy · Exposure during pregnancy; caries assessed in early childhood	OR 1.85 [1.59, 2.16]	4 studies	Ungraded

Secondary Smoking and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2025 · cited as Tanaka 2009 · Table 1 (cross-sectional studies); Figure 2 (forest plot)

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Caries prevalence (early childhood caries) Secondary (passive/secondhand) smoking exposure during childhood vs No secondary smoking exposure · Caries prevalence at 3-6 years	OR 1.77 [1.57, 2.01]	11 studies · 14,794 participants	Very low

2 including reviews in total.