Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM30114212
Association between passive tobacco exposure and caries in children and adolescents. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
González-Valero Lourdes, Montiel-Company José María, Bellot-Arcís Carlos, et al. · PloS one · 2018 · PubMed · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202497
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
9
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
1
Included studies
29
linked below
No studies 1 · 11.1%Ungraded 8 · 88.9%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years (humans), published since 2000 | Children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years across 28 studies (sample sizes 90 to 91,642) |
| Intervention | Passive tobacco exposure: prenatal (maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy / in the womb) or postnatal (secondhand / household tobacco smoke in infancy) | Prenatal exposure in 5 studies; postnatal exposure in 23 studies |
| Comparison | Children not exposed to tobacco use (control group of non-exposed subjects) | Non-exposed children |
| Outcomes | Dental caries (cavitated lesions), expressed as odds ratios, hazard ratios or caries indices (DMFT, DMFS, dft, dfs) | Caries in primary dentition (majority) and permanent dentition, measured by OR, HR, RR or indices (DMFT/DMFS/dft/dfs); overall pooled OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.68) plus three subgroup meta-analyses |
| Study designs | Observational studies with a non-exposed control group: longitudinal (cohort), case-control and cross-sectional studies; humans; any language | 28 studies in qualitative synthesis (21 cross-sectional, 1 case-control, 6 longitudinal); 21 studies (28 cohorts) meta-analyzed |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified (most studies cross-sectional) |
Search date: January 2000 to 2 March 2018. Databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science; complemented by hand-searching
Questions and results
Passive tobacco exposure (prenatal maternal smoking or postnatal secondhand/household smoke) vs No passive tobacco exposure (non-exposed children)
Population: Children and adolescents (aged 0 to 19 years)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) In children and adolescents, passive tobacco exposure (prenatal or postnatal) is associated with higher odds of dental caries (pooled OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.68; 21 studies), though heterogeneity was high (I2=86.5%); certainty of evidence not graded. Source: Results (overall association OR); Fig 2; Abstract · same question in other reviews | OR 1.528 [1.394, 1.676] | 21 studies | Ungraded |
Prenatal passive tobacco exposure (maternal smoking during pregnancy / in the womb) vs No passive tobacco exposure (non-exposed children)
Population: Children (primary dentition)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries in primary dentition (presence) Prenatal exposure; primary dentition Prenatal (in-womb) tobacco exposure is associated with higher odds of caries in primary dentition (pooled OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.52; 4 studies; no heterogeneity); certainty not graded. Source: Results (prenatal exposure, primary dentition); Fig 3 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.463 [1.405, 1.523] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Postnatal passive tobacco exposure (secondhand/household smoke in infancy) vs No passive tobacco exposure (non-exposed children)
Population: Children (primary dentition)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries in primary dentition (presence) Postnatal exposure; primary dentition Postnatal (infancy) tobacco exposure is associated with higher odds of caries in primary dentition (pooled OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.05; 13 studies; high heterogeneity I2=83%); certainty not graded. Source: Results (postnatal exposure, primary dentition); Fig 4 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.723 [1.450, 2.049] | 13 studies | Ungraded |
Postnatal passive tobacco exposure (secondhand/household smoke in infancy) vs No passive tobacco exposure (non-exposed children)
Population: Children and adolescents (permanent dentition)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries in permanent dentition (presence) Postnatal exposure; permanent dentition Postnatal (infancy) tobacco exposure is associated with higher odds of caries in permanent dentition (pooled OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.34; 9 studies; no heterogeneity); certainty not graded. Source: Results (postnatal exposure, permanent dentition); Fig 5 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.297 [1.254, 1.342] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Prenatal passive tobacco exposure (maternal smoking during pregnancy / in the womb) vs No passive tobacco exposure (non-exposed children)
Population: Children and adolescents (permanent dentition)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries in permanent dentition (presence) Prenatal exposure; permanent dentition No eligible studies examined prenatal tobacco exposure and caries in permanent dentition. Source: Discussion ("No studies that examined prenatal exposure and caries in permanent teeth were identified"); Methods (subgroup plan) · same question in other reviews | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Comparison
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries in permanent dentition (presence) Postnatal exposure; permanent dentition; trim-and-fill adjusted (publication-bias sensitivity) | OR 1.30 [1.25, 1.33] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries in primary dentition (presence) Prenatal exposure; primary dentition; trim-and-fill adjusted (publication-bias sensitivity) | OR 1.46 [1.40, 1.52] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries in primary dentition (presence) Postnatal exposure; primary dentition; trim-and-fill adjusted (publication-bias sensitivity) | OR 1.72 [1.45, 2.05] | 13 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) Trim-and-fill adjusted (publication-bias sensitivity) | OR 1.50 [1.36, 1.64] | 21 studies | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 29
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majorana et al., 2014 Feeding and smoking habits as cumulative risk factors for early childhood caries in toddlers, after adjustment for several behavioral… PMID:24528500 | 4 other reviews | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bernabe et al., 2017 Birth Weight, Breastfeeding, Maternal Smoking and Caries Trajectories DOI:10.1177/0022034516678181 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tanaka S et al., 2015 Secondhand smoke and incidence of dental caries in deciduous teeth among children in Japan: population based retrospective cohort study. PMID:26489750 | 2 other reviews | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Claudia et al., 2016 The relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and parental-reported experience of dental caries in Indigenous Australian… DOI:10.1922/cdh_3937claudia06 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Julihn et al., 2009 Maternal overweight and smoking: prenatal risk factors for caries development in offspring during the teenage period DOI:10.1007/s10654-009-9399-7 | 1 other review | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nayani et al., 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tanaka et al., 2009 The Effect of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Postnatal Household Smoking on Dental Caries in Young Children DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.03.032 | 1 other review | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tanaka K et al., 2015 Association of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and postnatal exposure to household smoking with dental caries in 3-year-old Japanese… DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.004 | 1 other review | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Aida et al., 2008 Contributions of social context to inequality in dental caries: a multilevel analysis of Japanese 3‐year‐old children DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00380.x | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Aligne et al., 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Almerich et al., 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Almerich-Torres et al., 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Avcar et al., 2008 Association of passive smoking with caries and related salivary biomarkers in young children DOI:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.05.007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ayo-Yusuf et al., 2007 Household Smoking as a Risk Indicator for Caries in Adolescents’ Permanent Teeth DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.04.012 | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bakhurji et al., 2017 Carious lesions of permanent molars and oral health practices of parents and peers in Saudi male adolescents. PMID:28674722 | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Carbajosa et al., 2011 El humo del tabaco y su asociación con la caries dental en niños y niñas de 10 a 15 años atendidos en la unidad de odontología del… DOI:10.1590/s1135-57272011000200009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ditmyer et al., 2010 A case-control study of determinants for high and low dental caries prevalence in Nevada youth. PMID:21067620 | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Hanioka et al., 2008 Dental caries in 3‐year‐old children and smoking status of parents DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00950.x | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Iida et al., 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Leroy et al., 2008 Parental smoking behavior and caries experience in preschool children DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00393.x | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nakayama et al., 2015 Association of environmental tobacco smoke and snacking habits with the risk of early childhood caries among 3‐year‐old… DOI:10.1111/jphd.12085 | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pita-Fernandez et al., 2011 Exposición pasiva al tabaco y caries dental de los niños DOI:10.1016/j.arbres.2011.03.005 | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Plonka et al., 2013 A Longitudinal Case-Control Study of Caries Development from Birth to 36 Months DOI:10.1159/000345073 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Shenkin et al., 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Shulman et al., 2005 Is There an Association between Low Birth Weight and Caries in the Primary Dentition? DOI:10.1159/000084792 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tanaka et al., 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tanaka et al., 2010 Household smoking and dental caries in schoolchildren: the Ryukyus Child Health Study. PMID:20540808 | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wiener et al., 2013 Children with Special Health Care Need's Association of Passive Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Dental Caries: 2007 National Survey of… PMID:25485287 | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Williams et al., 2000 Parental Smoking Practices and Caries Experience in Pre–School Children DOI:10.1159/000016578 | this review only | Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).