Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

111 questions · 116 findings · 35 reviews · Neonatal · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 17 · 14.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 32 · 27.6%Low 29 · 25%Moderate 26 · 22.4%High 12 · 10.3%

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs supplemental oxygen

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

It is very uncertain whether CPAP changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependency at 28 days) compared with supplemental oxygen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver vs usual care

Death at hospital discharge · preterm infants < 37 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver showed no clear difference in mortality by hospital discharge compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver vs usual care

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants < 37 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Chronic lung disease · preterm neonates after extubation

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (oxygen supplementation at 36 weeks) compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HFNC vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Death (before hospital discharge) or BPD (supplemental oxygen/respiratory support at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age if born < 32 weeks' gestation, or 28 days if born ≥ 32 weeks' gestation) · preterm infants requiring primary respiratory support

Nasal high flow showed no clear difference in death (before hospital discharge) or BPD(supplemental… compared with continuous positive airway pressure (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HFNC vs nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation

BPD (supplemental oxygen/respiratory support at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age if born < 32 weeks' gestation, or 28 days if born ≥ 32 weeks' gestation) · preterm infants requiring primary respiratory support

Nasal high flow showed no clear difference in BPD (supplemental oxygen/respiratory support at 36 weeks'… compared with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HFNC vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

BPD (supplemental oxygen/respiratory support at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age if born < 32 weeks' gestation, or 28 days if born ≥ 32 weeks' gestation) · preterm infants requiring primary respiratory support

Nasal high flow showed no clear difference in BPD (supplemental oxygen/respiratory support at 36 weeks'… compared with continuous positive airway pressure (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HFNC vs nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation

Death (before hospital discharge) or BPD (supplemental oxygen/respiratory support at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age if born < 32 weeks' gestation, or 28 days if born ≥ 32 weeks' gestation) · preterm infants requiring primary respiratory support

It is very uncertain whether nasal high flow changes death (before hospital discharge) or BPD (supplemental… compared with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nasal interfaces (single nasal prong, binasal prongs (long or short), or nasal masks) vs face mask

Oxygen requirement at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · term and preterm infants resuscitated at birth, using positive pressure ventilation

Nasal interfaces (single nasal prong, binasal prongs (long or… showed no clear difference in the need for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' corrected gestational… compared with face mask (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review