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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,971 questions · 9,849 findings · 853 reviews

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No studies found 1,150 · 11.7%GRADE not reported 3,387 · 34.4%Very low 1,963 · 19.9%Low 1,809 · 18.4%Moderate 1,207 · 12.3%High 333 · 3.4%

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Oral cancer patients (cases) vs Healthy controls

Alveolar bone loss · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)

Alveolar bone loss did not differ significantly between oral cancer patients and controls (SMD 0.18, 95% CI -2.34 to 2.69; extreme heterogeneity); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries · Children aged 2 to 8 years

The review reported an OR of 1.32 when prenatal vitamin D was measured at 6 to 38 gestational weeks.

2 findings from 1 review

Full pulpotomy vs Partial pulpotomy

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Human permanent teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure

Full pulpotomy showed a non-significant trend toward higher success than partial pulpotomy in mature teeth with irreversible pulpitis (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Unilateral extraction of the mandibular first permanent molar vs Bilateral extraction of the mandibular first permanent molars

Midline deviation of the mandibular arch · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)

One study found midline deviation more likely after unilateral than bilateral extraction (OR 11.6; single study; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo or control

Gingival index (GI) · Children and/or adolescents (<18 years) without background systemic disease

Probiotics probably make little to no difference to the gingival index versus control (MD 0.04, 95%CI -0.18 to 0.27; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances (exposure) vs None (single-group prevalence/incidence estimate)

Association between patient age and number of ICLs · Patients (permanent dentition) during or after fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances

Patient age was not significantly associated with the number of ICLs (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Absence of toothpaste use vs Toothpaste use

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

Absence of toothpaste use was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 1.42, 95% CI -1.278 to 4.109, p=0.3029; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Reduction in previous year's academic score vs No reduction in academic score

Reduction in previous year's academic score · Primary school children in Ethiopia

Dental caries was associated with higher odds of a reduction in the previous year's academic score (OR 5.51, 95% CI 1.952-9.066; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

M2 Demirjian stages F-G vs Second molar at Demirjian stage D-E at extraction

Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)

In the mandible, Demirjian stage F-G vs D-E was not significantly associated with space closure (OR 0.68; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

TT+CC (homozygous) genotypes vs TC (heterozygous) genotype

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

In the Real-time quantitative PCR genotyping subgroup, TaqI(rs731236) over-dominant model: TT+CC vs TC showed a significant association with caries (OR 1.52); ungraded.

8 findings from 1 review
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CO2 laser (carbon dioxide) vs No anticaries intervention (untreated enamel)

Enamel surface / cross-sectional microhardness · Human / bovine enamel specimens under cariogenic challenge (in situ / ex vivo)

CO2 laser irradiation changes enamel microhardness versus untreated enamel (MD 49.55, CI 37.74 to 61.37; ungraded, 3 ex-vivo studies, I2=48%); the forest plot shows higher microhardness in laser-treated enamel, although the review text states the opposite.

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries in children · Children aged 6 to 8 years whose mothers' prenatal vitamin D status was assessed

In the single study of children aged 6-8 years, the association was not statistically significant (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.84-1.30); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Gene sequencing (GS) applied to diagnose/manage oral conditions (predominantly 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing of the oral microbiome; also genome-wide/whole-genome sequencing) vs Negligible ('abysmal') effect of gene sequencing; no separate comparator arm (within-sample event contrast in the forest plots)

Noticeable impact of gene sequencing on diagnosing/managing oral conditions · Human patients (any age) with oral-cavity related disorders (e.g. dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, peri-implant mucositis,…

Pooled across 8 clinical trials, gene sequencing had a statistically significant impact on diagnosing/managing oral-cavity disorders (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.46-0.54); certainty not GRADE-rated.

2 findings from 1 review

Teledentistry (index test): dental caries diagnosis from photographs taken with DSLR or smartphone cameras; store-and-forward vs Visual or clinical examination

Overall diagnostic accuracy (agreement) · Children and adults with primary or permanent dentition undergoing dental caries assessment

Where reported (about 5 studies, Table 2), overall diagnostic accuracy was high (about 93% to 97.6%); no pooled estimate and certainty not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Genome-wide common variants (additive dosage; present-study GWAS) vs Genome-wide significance threshold (P<5E-8)

Periodontal disease - genome-wide-significant loci (present study) · Japanese adults (present-study cohort)

The present Japanese GWAS found no genome-wide-significant loci for periodontal disease (top suggestive rs12624579/SYNDIG1); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies two novel loci associated with dental caries. 2024 All outcomes
    Lifelong (germline genotype) · Population-based genetic association study (Japanese direct-to-consumer genetic testing cohort) · Present-study GWAS (Japanese)
    In the present Japanese GWAS, no loci reached genome-wide significance for periodontal disease; several loci reached the suggestive level (P<1E-5). Top-associated variant rs12624579 (SYNDIG1 intron).
    1 study · 45525 participants
    GRADE not reported

Grade level 1-4 (first cycle) vs Grade level 5 or above

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia

Being in grade levels 1-4 was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.523-3.397; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review