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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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Exercise vs no treatment

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · young women with suspected primary dysmenorrhoea
1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs no treatment

Overall menstrual symptoms , measured by the MMDQ at the end of the intervention. Lower scores indicates lower menstrual symptom severity · young women with suspected primary dysmenorrhoea
1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural intervention vs usual care or no treatment

Health status and quality of life · people with stroke and urinary incontinence

Behavioural interventions showed no clear difference in health status and quality of life assessed by Bristol Female Lower… compared with usual care or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Change in pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 12 weeks (0 to 10 scale; lower score means less pain) · people with rheumatoid arthritis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes change in pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 12 weeks (0 to 10 scale;… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Change in measure of disease activity Disease Activity Score (DAS‐28‐ESR) at 12 weeks (0 to 10 score; lower score means less disease activity) · people with rheumatoid arthritis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes change in measure of disease activity Disease Activity Score… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Change in function Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at 12 weeks (0 to 3 score; lower score means better function) · people with rheumatoid arthritis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes change in function Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at 12 weeks… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Physical performance: self‐report questionnaires Physical function subscale from the QUALEFFO‐41 Scale from 0 to 100 Lower scores indicate better physical function · individuals with osteoporotic vertebral fracture
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Disease‐specific quality of life QUALEFFO‐41 total score Scale from 0 to 100 Lower scores indicate better quality of life · individuals with osteoporotic vertebral fracture
1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D)

Low birthweight · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent iron supplementation (alone or with any other micronutrients) vs no supplementation or placebo

Anaemia · adolescent and adult menstruating women

Intermittent iron supplementation (alone or with any other… may leads to lower anaemia (haemoglobin concentration below a cut‐off defined by the… compared with no supplementation or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent use of iron supplements vs any daily iron supplementation

Anaemia · adolescent and adult menstruating women

Intermittent iron supplementation showed no clear difference in anaemia (haemoglobin concentration below a cut‐off defined by the… compared with daily iron supplementation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added)

Anaemia · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… may leads to lower anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below the WHO cut‐off, adjusted for… compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs no corticosteroid use

All‐cause mortality Up to 28 days following admission · individuals with influenza

It is very uncertain whether corticosteroid therapy changes number of deaths at 30 days following admission (30‐day mortality)a compared with no corticosteroid therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intranasal corticosteroids vs placebo

Health outcomes Peak expiratory flow readings (higher readings indicate better peak flow) · adults and children > 12 with non‐allergic rhinitis

It is very uncertain whether intranasal corticosteroids changes objective measurement of airflow: peak flow rate (expiratory) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review