Cochrane · systematic review · CD009902
Fortification of rice with vitamins and minerals for addressing micronutrient malnutrition
Peña‐Rosas, JP, Mithra, P, Unnikrishnan, B, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2019 · Cochrane Library
Public HealthAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
9
current version
GRADE rated
9
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 11.1%Low 8 · 88.9%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients compared to unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) for addressing micronutrient malnutrition among the included studies
Population: general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women) from any country
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below the WHO cut‐off, adjusted for altitude as appropriate) Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) | RR 0.72 [0.54, 0.97] | 7 studies · 1634 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker of iron status) Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) | RR 0.66 [0.51, 0.84] | 8 studies · 1733 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness |
Haemoglobin concentration (in g/L) Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 2163 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Vitamin A deficiency (as defined by the study authors) Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) | RR 0.68 [0.36, 1.29] | 4 studies · 927 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Serum or plasma folate (nmol/L) Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 215 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Any adverse effects (hookworm infection risk) Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) | RR 1.78 [1.18, 2.7] | 1 study · 785 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Diarrhoea (as defined by study authors) Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) | RR 3.52 [0.18, 67.39] | 1 study · 258 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Rice fortified with vitamin A alone or in combination with other micronutrients compared to unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) for addressing micronutrient malnutrition
Population: general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women) from any country
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Haemoglobin concentration (g/L) Rice fortified with vitamin A alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 74 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Serum or plasma retinol (µmol/L) Rice fortified with vitamin A alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 74 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |