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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Peripheral plus spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 480 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Multifocal spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 729 participants | Low |
Silicone hydrogel vs hydrogel soft contact lenses Mean change in patient‐reported comfort score from baseline using CLDEQ‐8 · adults with refractive errors Silicone hydrogel versus hydrogel soft contact lenses for differences in patient‐reported eye comfort and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Silicone hydrogel vs hydrogel soft contact lenses Mean change in patient‐reported comfort score from baseline using OSDI, at 1 month (MD < 0 favored) · adults with refractive errors Silicone hydrogel versus hydrogel soft contact lenses for differences in patient‐reported eye comfort and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
Silicone hydrogel vs hydrogel soft contact lenses Mean change in patient‐reported comfort score from baseline using VAS, at 1 week (MD > 0 favored) · adults with refractive errors Silicone hydrogel versus hydrogel soft contact lenses for differences in patient‐reported eye comfort and… (2023) · Cochrane | MD 0.55 [0.16, 0.94] | 1 study · 240 participants | Very low |
Silicone hydrogel vs hydrogel soft contact lenses Proportion of participants who discontinued contact lens wear, at 1 week (RR < 1 favored) · adults with refractive errors Silicone hydrogel versus hydrogel soft contact lenses for differences in patient‐reported eye comfort and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.11, 3.74] | 1 study · 248 participants | Very low |
Silicone hydrogel vs hydrogel soft contact lenses Corneal staining scores, at 1 week (MD < 0 favored) · adults with refractive errors Silicone hydrogel versus hydrogel soft contact lenses for differences in patient‐reported eye comfort and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 243 participants | Very low |
Silicone hydrogel vs hydrogel soft contact lenses Conjunctival staining scores, at 1 month (MD < 0 favored) · adults with refractive errors Silicone hydrogel versus hydrogel soft contact lenses for differences in patient‐reported eye comfort and… (2023) · Cochrane | MD 0.2 | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Silicone hydrogel vs hydrogel soft contact lenses Proportion of participants with vision‐threatening adverse events (RR < 1 favored) · adults with refractive errors Silicone hydrogel versus hydrogel soft contact lenses for differences in patient‐reported eye comfort and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Manifest keratoconus Artificial intelligence for detecting keratoconus (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 54 studies · 21330 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Subclinical keratoconus Artificial intelligence for detecting keratoconus (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 28 studies · 2758 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mean change in BCVA from baseline · people with large macular hole Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane flap versus pars plana vitrectomy with conventional… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Mean postoperative BCVA (lower is better) · people with large macular hole Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane flap versus pars plana vitrectomy with conventional… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Overall closure of macular hole at end of · people with large macular hole Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane flap versus pars plana vitrectomy with conventional… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [1.02, 1.18] | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR Speed of visual acuity improvement · people with large macular hole Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane flap versus pars plana vitrectomy with conventional… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Type 1 macular hole closure at end of · people with large macular hole Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane flap versus pars plana vitrectomy with conventional… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.31 [1.03, 1.66] | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR Postoperative retinal detachment at end of · people with large macular hole Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane flap versus pars plana vitrectomy with conventional… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Topical ophthalmic anesthetic vs placebo or NSAID Changes in mean participant‐reported ocular pain from baseline to 24 hours · corneal abrasion (post‐trauma or post‐surgical) Topical ophthalmic anesthetics for corneal abrasions (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Topical ophthalmic anesthetic plus NSAID vs placebo Proportion of participants with complications at longest time point Up to 1 week · corneal abrasion (post‐surgical) Topical ophthalmic anesthetics for corneal abrasions (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Topical ophthalmic anesthetic vs placebo or NSAID Changes in mean participant‐reported ocular pain from baseline to 48 hours · corneal abrasion (post‐trauma or post‐surgical) Topical ophthalmic anesthetics for corneal abrasions (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Topical ophthalmic anesthetic vs placebo or NSAID Changes in mean participant‐reported ocular pain from baseline to 72 hours · corneal abrasion (post‐trauma or post‐surgical) Topical ophthalmic anesthetics for corneal abrasions (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Topical ophthalmic anesthetic vs placebo or NSAID Proportion of participants without complete resolution of epithelial defects by 24 to 72 hours · corneal abrasion (post‐trauma or post‐surgical) Topical ophthalmic anesthetics for corneal abrasions (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Topical ophthalmic anesthetic vs placebo or NSAID Proportion of participants with complications at longest time point Up to 2 weeks · corneal abrasion (post‐trauma or post‐surgical) Topical ophthalmic anesthetics for corneal abrasions (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Topical ophthalmic anesthetic plus NSAID vs placebo Changes in mean participant‐reported ocular pain from baseline to 24 hoursVAS (scale 0 to 10) · corneal abrasion (post‐surgical) Topical ophthalmic anesthetics for corneal abrasions (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Topical ophthalmic anesthetic plus NSAID vs placebo Changes in mean participant‐reported ocular pain from baseline to 48 hours · corneal abrasion (post‐surgical) Topical ophthalmic anesthetics for corneal abrasions (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical ophthalmic anesthetic plus NSAID vs placebo Changes in mean participant‐reported ocular pain from baseline to 72 hours · corneal abrasion (post‐surgical) Topical ophthalmic anesthetics for corneal abrasions (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical ophthalmic anesthetic plus NSAID vs placebo Proportion of participants without complete resolution of epithelial defects by 24 to 72 hours · corneal abrasion (post‐surgical) Topical ophthalmic anesthetics for corneal abrasions (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.85] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Proportion of participants with IOP control (higher number of events is better) · Participants with acute primary angle closure after initial medical treatment to lower intraocular pressure Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.66 [1.28, 2.15] | 2 studies · 97 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Proportion of participants requiring further IOP‐lowering interventions (additional surgery, medications, or both) (lower number of events is better) · Participants with acute primary angle closure after initial medical treatment to lower intraocular pressure Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.07 [0.01, 0.51] | 2 studies · 99 participants | Very low |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Proportion of participants with 1 or more recurrent APAC episodes in the same eye (lower number of events is better) · Participants with acute primary angle closure after initial medical treatment to lower intraocular pressure Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.3] | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Mean number of IOP‐lowering medications required (lower number of medications is better) · Participants with acute primary angle closure after initial medical treatment to lower intraocular pressure Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Mean IOP, measured by any method (mmHg) (lower IOP is better) · Participants with acute primary angle closure after initial medical treatment to lower intraocular pressure Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Mean change in angle findings, measured by any method · Participants with acute primary angle closure after initial medical treatment to lower intraocular pressure Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 94 participants | Very low |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Adverse effects · Participants with acute primary angle closure after initial medical treatment to lower intraocular pressure Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 99 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pseudophakia vs aphakia Visual acuity · children younger than two years of age with bilateral congenital cataracts Surgical interventions for bilateral congenital cataract in children aged two years and under (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pseudophakia vs aphakia Visual axis opacification · children younger than two years of age with bilateral congenital cataracts Surgical interventions for bilateral congenital cataract in children aged two years and under (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.23, 7.13] | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pseudophakia vs aphakia Amblyopia ‐ not reported · children younger than two years of age with bilateral congenital cataracts Surgical interventions for bilateral congenital cataract in children aged two years and under (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pseudophakia vs aphakia Glaucoma at 5 years · children younger than two years of age with bilateral congenital cataracts Surgical interventions for bilateral congenital cataract in children aged two years and under (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.24, 3.1] | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pseudophakia vs aphakia Retinal detachment ‐ not reported · children younger than two years of age with bilateral congenital cataracts Surgical interventions for bilateral congenital cataract in children aged two years and under (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pseudophakia vs aphakia Reoperation rate ‐ not reported · children younger than two years of age with bilateral congenital cataracts Surgical interventions for bilateral congenital cataract in children aged two years and under (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pseudophakia vs aphakia Adverse events · children younger than two years of age with bilateral congenital cataracts Surgical interventions for bilateral congenital cataract in children aged two years and under (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Laser trabeculoplasty vs medication Failure to control IOP (as defined by study investigators) · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Laser trabeculoplasty vs trabeculectomy Failure to stabilise optic neuropathy progression (as defined by study investigators) · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laser trabeculoplasty vs trabeculectomy Quality of life · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laser trabeculoplasty vs trabeculectomy Adverse effectsPAS formation · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.78 | NR | Very low |
Laser trabeculoplasty vs trabeculectomy Adverse effects: IOP spikes · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.78 | NR | Very low |
Laser trabeculoplasty vs medication Failure to stabilise visual field progression (as defined by study investigators) · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.42, 1.16] | NR | Moderate |
Laser trabeculoplasty vs medication Failure to stabilise optic neuropathy progression (as defined by study investigators) · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.44, 1.2] | NR | Very low |
Laser trabeculoplasty vs medication Quality of life measures · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | MD 0.28 | NR | Moderate |
Laser trabeculoplasty vs medication Adverse effects:PAS formation · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | RR 11.74 [5.94, 23.22] | NR | Low |