Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,922 questions · 3,118 findings · 513 reviews

No studies found 574 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 372 · 11.9%Very low 723 · 23.2%Low 854 · 27.4%Moderate 489 · 15.7%High 106 · 3.4%

Topical NSAID (ketoprofen lysinate mouthwash, 160 mg) vs Topical NSAID (benzidamine hydrochloride mouthwash, 22.5 mg)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAID (ketoprofen chewing gum) vs Local anaesthetic (benzocaine chewing gum)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

It is very uncertain whether topical NSAID (ketoprofen chewing gum) changes pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with local anaesthetic (benzocaine chewing gum) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Social support vs less intensive interventions 9 · Pregnant women who smoke

The intervention showed no clear difference in social support vs less intensive interventions 9 (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methadone vs morphine

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with cancer pain

Methadone may leads to higher participant‐reported pain intensity compared with morphine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

Planned early birth probably leads to higher admission to neonatal intensive care compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs infiltrated local anaesthetics or other topical agents

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults and paediatric patients with dermal laceration
5 findings from 1 review
Show 2 more findings

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy‐induced hypertension) · pregnant women

Dietary advice interventions may leads to lower hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy‐induced hypertension) compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal + mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) vs standard dose CNI

Adverse events: hypertension · kidney transplant recipients

Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal + mammalian target of… showed no clear difference in adverse events: hypertension compared with standard dose CNI (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low dose CNI calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) + mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) vs standard dose CNI

Adverse events: hypertension · kidney transplant recipients

Low dose CNI calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) + mammalian target of… showed no clear difference in adverse events: hypertension compared with standard dose CNI (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review