Search review questions

Lightness change · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition · 6 months

Salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

Restoration failure · Children with carious primary teeth after vital or non-vital pulp therapy · 2 to 3 years

Sensitivity for detecting enamel caries · Asymptomatic children or adults suspected of enamel caries (clinical studies); extracted teeth (in vitro studies) · Analysis 1: fully within-person comparison (studies evaluating >=3 index tests)

Food intake · Children and adolescents aged 0-19 years · Immediate/short-term (post-exposure), Overall (pooled across designs)

DMFS (decayed, missing, filled surfaces) increment, occlusal surfaces · Schoolchildren aged 6-12 years with sound occlusal surfaces of the first permanent molars · 24 months

Overweight/obesity risk · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western… · Follow-up to 3 years

Adverse events

Restoration survival · Children with caries in primary molars · 1 year, Multi-surface

Restoration failure · Children with carious primary teeth after vital or non-vital pulp therapy · 1 year, Composite post (CP) arm

Caries prevalence · 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa · Country: Uganda

Caries prevalence · European adolescents aged 15 years · Exact age

Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with previously unrestored, vital carious lesions in primary teeth (no pulp therapy); aged 1.5-11 years · 12-48 months

Dental caries prevalence and severity · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

Restoration survival · Children with caries in primary molars · 1 year, Single-surface

Enamel caries proportion · European adolescents aged 15 years · Exact age

Kaposi's sarcoma (WHO clinical stage 4) · Children and adolescents (<18 years) · Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point)

Clinical and radiographic success rate (>=6 months) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis (symptomatic and asymptomatic) due to carious pulp exposure · >=6 months, Observational studies (GRADE evidence profile)

BMI z-score (overweight/obesity) at 13 months · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western… · 13 months

Clinical and radiographic success rate (>=6 months) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure · >=6 months, Pulp capping material: CEM vs calcium hydroxide

Salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration · Children and adolescents (<18 years) · Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point)

Food choice · Children and adolescents aged 0-19 years · Crossover designs with binary outcomes

Caries severity (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa · Country: Sudan

Linear gingival erythema prevalence · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

Caries prevalence · European adolescents aged 12 years · Exact age

Caries detection accuracy on intraoral images · Dental images of human beings · Kühnisch et al., 2022; convolutional neural networks

Food preference · Children and adolescents aged 0-19 years · Overall (pooled across designs)

Caries experience (mean DMFS) · European adolescents aged 12–19 years · Examination type: full-mouth

Adverse events · Children with caries-free second primary molars, aged 4-8 years (dental clinic, Turkey and Spain)

Hypertension · Healthy children aged 6–24 months in Western industrialized countries

Mineral loss (transversal microradiography) · Enamel/dentin specimens with initial caries lesions (or sound surfaces) in intraoral (in situ) appliances worn by… · Median 21 days (range 14-28 days), Net-remineralizing conditions

Restoration failure · Children with carious primary teeth · 1 year, ART; Class I

Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Glass-ionomer cement bonded to caries-affected dentin (in vitro) · Immediate bond strength, Caries-affected dentin (without rinsing step)

Mucosal (oral) hyperpigmentation · Children and adolescents (<18 years) · Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point)

Caries experience at the tooth level (dmft) · Children (mean age newborn to ~5.2 years) and their parents/carers · Oral health education only (vs comprehensive intervention)

Pulp exposure during caries removal · Children (3-11 years) with symptomless, vital dentine caries in primary molars · 12 months, Stepwise excavation vs complete caries removal (primary teeth)

Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Dental adhesives bonded to sound dentin (in vitro) · Immediate bond strength, Sound dentin (without rinsing step)

Caries development in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of… · At least 24 months follow-up, Gender (boys vs girls)

Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with carious primary molars treated by pulpotomy (vital pulp therapy) · 2 years, Compomer (C) arm

Caries experience · European adolescents aged 12 years · Exact age

Contribution of dental care products to total daily fluoride intake (TDFI), by tap-water fluoride level · Children using fluoride-containing dental care products (majority of included studies) · Habitual daily intake, Low-fluoridated tap water (0.3-0.51 mg/L)

Other orofacial opportunistic infections (linear gingival erythema, hairy leukoplakia, angular cheilitis, oral ulcers) · Children and adolescents living with HIV on ART/HAART · Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point), ART/HAART duration <3 years vs >=3 years

Overweight/obesity risk · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western… · Follow-up interval 15-20 months

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) · Children with dental caries (ages ~2-13 years in the pooled trials) · Post-treatment, Indirect network estimate (no direct trials)

Caries prevalence · 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa · Data collection period: 2005-2009

Accuracy advantage in test case 3 · Dental images of human beings · Patil et al., 2019

Ulcerative stomatitis · Children and adolescents (<18 years) · Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point)

Plaque quantity (plaque index or plaque weight) · Adults and children (predominantly adults; one study in children), with natural dentition · End of study (last reported time point; study durations 4 days to 2 years)

Enamel caries proportion · European adolescents aged 17 years · Exact age

Dental caries (early childhood caries) · Healthy children under 6 years in South Africa