Non-Cochrane · prevalence · PM36280818
Prevalence of dental caries in the permanent dentition amongst 12-year-olds in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kimmie-Dhansay F, Bhayat A · BMC oral health · 2022 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02489-4
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
51
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
50
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 51 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 12-year-old children (plus or minus one year) with permanent dentition living in Africa | 12-year-old African children; 30 cross-sectional studies; 18,080 participants; 15 countries |
| Intervention | Not applicable (descriptive prevalence review; condition = dental caries assessed by WHO/clinical diagnostic criteria) | Not applicable |
| Comparison | Not applicable (no comparator; prespecified subgroup analyses by urban/rural status, country, and year of publication) | Not applicable |
| Outcomes | Primary: prevalence of dental caries; Secondary: caries severity (mean DMFT) | Overall caries prevalence 0.36 (95% CI 0.294 to 0.417; 25 studies); overall mean DMFT 1.09 (95% CI 0.914 to 1.266; 28 studies); urban prevalence 0.40 vs rural 0.31; urban DMFT 1.32 vs rural 1.13 |
| Study designs | Peer-reviewed cross-sectional studies (English language only) | 30 cross-sectional/observational studies (school-based, community, household and national surveys); all used oral-health personnel; all but two used WHO diagnostic criteria |
| Timing | Studies published January 2000 to December 2021 | Data collection approx. 1999 to 2020; grouped 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, and >2015 |
Search date: January 2000 to December 2021 (search last updated 10 January 2022). Databases: PubMed (Medline); SCOPUS; CINAHL (via EBSCOhost); Academic Search Complete (via EBSCOhost); Dentistry and Oral Sciences Sources (via EBSCOhost); Science Direct (plus hand-searching of eligible articles)
Questions and results
Not applicable vs Not applicable
Population: Children aged 12 years (plus or minus one year) in Africa
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence of dental caries Overall, urban/rural-status analysis The pooled dental-caries prevalence was 0.3657 (95% CI 0.3065 to 0.4250); GRADE was not reported. Source: Fig. 3 · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.3657 [0.3065, 0.4250] | NR | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: South Africa Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in South Africa was 0.34 (95% CI 0.276 to 0.401; 5 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.34 [0.276, 0.401] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Uganda Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Uganda was 0.27 (95% CI 0.126 to 0.418; 3 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.27 [0.126, 0.418] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Libya Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Libya was 0.48 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.514; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.48 [0.45, 0.514] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Setting: Urban/rural (unspecified) Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Caries prevalence in urban/rural (unspecified) was 0.391 (95% CI 0.305 to 0.477; 10 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 3 (forest plot, prevalence by urban/rural setting); Results · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.391 [0.305, 0.477] | 10 studies | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa About 36% of 12-year-olds in Africa had dental caries (pooled prevalence 0.36, 95% CI 0.294 to 0.417; 25 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Overall); Abstract; Fig 2 and Fig 5 (forest plots); Results (Number of participants = 18,080 total review sample across 30 studies) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.36 [0.294, 0.417] | 25 studies · 18080 participants | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Setting: Rural Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Caries prevalence in rural was 0.314 (95% CI 0.186 to 0.443; 10 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 3 (forest plot, prevalence by urban/rural setting); Results · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.314 [0.186, 0.443] | 10 studies | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Sao Tome Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Sao Tome was 0.73 (95% CI 0.694 to 0.759; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.73 [0.694, 0.759] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Data collection period: 2010-2014 Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Caries prevalence in 2010-2014 was 0.346 (95% CI 0.085 to 0.606; 3 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 5 (forest plot, prevalence by year); Results · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.346 [0.085, 0.606] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Eritrea Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Eritrea was 0.78 (95% CI 0.724 to 0.831; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.78 [0.724, 0.831] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: The Gambia Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in The Gambia was 0.30 (95% CI 0.239 to 0.375; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.30 [0.239, 0.375] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Prevalence of dental caries Overall, publication-period analysis The pooled dental-caries prevalence was 0.356 (95% CI 0.294 to 0.417); GRADE was not reported. Source: Fig. 5 · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.356 [0.294, 0.417] | NR | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Sudan Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Sudan was 0.31 (95% CI 0.279 to 0.333; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.31 [0.279, 0.333] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Nigeria Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Nigeria was 0.13 (95% CI 0.106 to 0.163; 2 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.13 [0.106, 0.163] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Zimbabwe Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Zimbabwe was 0.49 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.568; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.49 [0.42, 0.568] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Data collection period: 2005-2009 Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Caries prevalence in 2005-2009 was 0.329 (95% CI 0.111 to 0.548; 3 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 5 (forest plot, prevalence by year); Results · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.329 [0.111, 0.548] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Data collection period: 2000-2004 Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Caries prevalence in 2000-2004 was 0.282 (95% CI 0.227 to 0.337; 13 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 5 (forest plot, prevalence by year); Results · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.282 [0.227, 0.337] | 13 studies | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Burkina Faso Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Burkina Faso was 0.29 (95% CI 0.247 to 0.326; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.29 [0.247, 0.326] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Kenya Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Kenya was 0.33 (95% CI 0.066 to 0.584; 3 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.33 [0.066, 0.584] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Data collection period: >2015 Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Caries prevalence in >2015 was 0.574 (95% CI 0.427 to 0.721; 5 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 5 (forest plot, prevalence by year); Results · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.574 [0.427, 0.721] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Tanzania Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Tanzania was 0.34 (95% CI 0.299 to 0.376; 2 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.34 [0.299, 0.376] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Algeria Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Algeria was 0.59 (95% CI 0.523 to 0.654; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.59 [0.523, 0.654] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Zambia Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Zambia was 0.11 (95% CI 0.045 to 0.26; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.11 [0.045, 0.26] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Setting: Urban Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Caries prevalence in urban was 0.403 (95% CI 0.233 to 0.574; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 3 (forest plot, prevalence by urban/rural setting); Results · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.403 [0.233, 0.574] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Country: Malawi Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa Pooled caries prevalence in Malawi was 0.19 (95% CI 0.168 to 0.214; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (Prevalence per country) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.19 [0.168, 0.214] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries severity measurement (mean number of decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth, DMFT; WHO criteria) vs None (descriptive prevalence review; subgroup analyses by urban/rural status, country and year)
Population: 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Setting: Urban Mean DMFT in urban was 1.325 (95% CI 0.974 to 1.675; 10 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 4 (forest plot, DMFT by urban/rural setting); Results · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.325 [0.974, 1.675] | 10 studies | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Setting: Urban/rural (unspecified) Mean DMFT in urban/rural (unspecified) was 1.005 (95% CI 0.797 to 1.212; 10 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 4 (forest plot, DMFT by urban/rural setting); Results · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.005 [0.797, 1.212] | 10 studies | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: Sudan Pooled mean DMFT in Sudan was 0.49 (95% CI 0.461 to 0.519; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.49 [0.461, 0.519] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: Libya Pooled mean DMFT in Libya was 2.11 (95% CI 1.178 to 3.038; 2 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 2.11 [1.178, 3.038] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: Algeria Pooled mean DMFT in Algeria was 1.69 (95% CI 1.463 to 1.917; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.69 [1.463, 1.917] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Data collection period: >2015 Mean DMFT in >2015 was 1.802 (95% CI 1.492 to 2.111; 6 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 6 (forest plot, DMFT by year); Results · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.802 [1.492, 2.111] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Mean DMFT score Overall, urban/rural-status analysis Population: Children aged 12 years (plus or minus one year) in Africa The pooled mean DMFT score was 1.1444 (95% CI 0.9780 to 1.3108); GRADE was not reported. Source: Fig. 4 · same question in other reviews | Mean DMFT 1.1444 [0.9780, 1.3108] | NR | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: Kenya Pooled mean DMFT in Kenya was 0.91 (95% CI 0.295 to 1.525; 3 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.91 [0.295, 1.525] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Mean DMFT score Overall, publication-period analysis Population: Children aged 12 years (plus or minus one year) in Africa The pooled mean DMFT score was 1.0900 (95% CI 0.9143 to 1.2657); GRADE was not reported. Source: Fig. 6 · same question in other reviews | Mean DMFT 1.0900 [0.9143, 1.2657] | NR | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: Tanzania Pooled mean DMFT in Tanzania was 0.61 (95% CI 0.314 to 0.902; 2 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.61 [0.314, 0.902] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Data collection period: 2000-2004 Mean DMFT in 2000-2004 was 0.994 (95% CI 0.731 to 1.257; 14 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 6 (forest plot, DMFT by year); Results · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.994 [0.731, 1.257] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: Zimbabwe Pooled mean DMFT in Zimbabwe was 0.98 (95% CI 0.829 to 1.121; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.98 [0.829, 1.121] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: Uganda Pooled mean DMFT in Uganda was 0.81 (95% CI 0.646 to 0.979; 3 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.81 [0.646, 0.979] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Setting: Rural Mean DMFT in rural was 1.133 (95% CI 0.863 to 1.404; 11 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 4 (forest plot, DMFT by urban/rural setting); Results · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.133 [0.863, 1.404] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: The Gambia Pooled mean DMFT in The Gambia was 2.27 (95% CI 1.931 to 2.609; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 2.27 [1.931, 2.609] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Data collection period: 2010-2014 Mean DMFT in 2010-2014 was 0.580 (95% CI 0.320 to 0.841; 5 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 6 (forest plot, DMFT by year); Results · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.580 [0.320, 0.841] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: Nigeria Pooled mean DMFT in Nigeria was 0.60 (95% CI 0.372 to 0.833; 4 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.60 [0.372, 0.833] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Mean DMFT among 12-year-olds in Africa was 1.09 (95% CI 0.914 to 1.266; 28 studies; not GRADE-rated); publication bias was detected for DMFT (trim-and-fill imputed 6 missing studies). Source: Table 4 (Overall); Abstract; Fig 6 (forest plot); Fig 8 (funnel plot, DMFT); Results - Publication bias · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.09 [0.914, 1.266] | 28 studies | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: Eritrea Pooled mean DMFT in Eritrea was 2.50 (95% CI 2.173 to 2.827; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 2.50 [2.173, 2.827] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: South Africa Pooled mean DMFT in South Africa was 1.13 (95% CI 0.795 to 1.454; 6 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.13 [0.795, 1.454] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Data collection period: 2005-2009 Mean DMFT in 2005-2009 was 1.085 (95% CI -0.092 to 2.260; 2 studies; not GRADE-rated). Source: Fig 6 (forest plot, DMFT by year); Results · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.085 [-0.092, 2.260] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: Burkina Faso Pooled mean DMFT in Burkina Faso was 0.70 (95% CI 0.639 to 0.761; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.70 [0.639, 0.761] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: Sao Tome Pooled mean DMFT in Sao Tome was 1.63 (95% CI 1.509 to 1.747; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.63 [1.509, 1.747] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Country: Malawi Pooled mean DMFT in Malawi was 0.67 (95% CI 0.631 to 0.709; 1 article(s); not GRADE-rated). Source: Table 4 (DMFT per country) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 0.67 [0.631, 0.709] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Comparison
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Caries severity (mean DMFT) Publication-bias adjusted (trim-and-fill) | Mean DMFT 0.47 [0.46, 0.48] | NR | Ungraded |
Caries prevalence Publication-bias adjusted (trim-and-fill) | Prevalence 0.354 [0.348, 0.361] | NR | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 50
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andegiorgish (2017) matched by author and year (probable) | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Fukuda 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kutesa (2015) matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Mafuvadze (2013) matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Msyamboza 2016 Magnitude of dental caries, missing and filled teeth in Malawi: National Oral Health Survey. PMID:26956884 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Muwazi (2005) matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Mwakatobe 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Owino (2010) matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Adekoya-Sofowora (2006) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Adekoya-Sofowora 2006 DOI:10.5555/afhs.2006.6.3.145 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Almerich-Silla (2008) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Almerich-Silla 2008 Influence of immigration and other factors on caries in 12‐ and 15‐yr‐old children DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00471.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Alraqiq (2021) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Alraqiq 2021 Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among school-aged children in Tripoli, Libya: a cross-sectional study. PMID:33931061 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Andegiorgish 2017 Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among 12 years old students in Eritrea. PMID:29284471 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bajomo (2004) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bajomo 2004 Dental caries in six, 12 and 15 year old Venda children in South Africa DOI:10.4314/eamj.v81i5.9166 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Batwala (2007) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Batwala 2007 Oral health status of school children in Mbarara, Uganda. PMID:21499489 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Braimoh 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Brindle (2000) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Brindle 2000 Oral health in Hlabisa, KwaZulu/Natal — a rural school and community based survey DOI:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2000.tb00541.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Chukwumah (2016) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Chukwumah 2016 Impact of dental caries and its treatment on the quality of life of 12‐ to 15‐year‐old adolescents in <scp>B</scp>enin, <scp>N</scp>igeria DOI:10.1111/ipd.12162 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Denloye 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Elfseyie 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Grobler (2001) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Grobler 2001 Dental fluorosis and caries experience in relation to three different drinking water fluoride levels in South Africa DOI:10.1046/j.0960-7439.2001.00293.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kikwilu (2001) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kikwilu 2001 Dental caries and periodontal conditions among primary school children in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania DOI:10.4314/eamj.v78i3.9083 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kosovic 2001 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kutesa 2015 Prevalence and factors associated with dental caries among children and adults in selected districts in Uganda. PMID:26958035 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Mafuvadze 2013 Dental caries and oral health practice among 12 year old school children from low socio-economic status background in Zimbabwe. PMID:23819006 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Molete 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Msyamboza (2016) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Muwazi 2005 DOI:10.5555/afhs.2005.5.3.227 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nkambule (2019) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nkambule 2019 Dental Caries, Body Mass Index, and Diet among Learners at Selected Primary Schools in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa. PMID:31892673 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nurelhuda (2009) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nurelhuda 2009 Oral health status of 12-year-old school children in Khartoum state, the Sudan; a school-based survey. PMID:19527502 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Okoye (2011) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Okoye 2011 Prevalence of dental caries in a nigerian rural community: a preliminary local survey. PMID:23209974 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Owino 2010 Dental caries, gingivitis and the treatment needs among 12-year-olds DOI:10.4314/eamj.v87i1.59950 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Que 2021 Prevalence of dental caries in the first permanent molar and associated risk factors among sixth-grade students in São Tomé Island. PMID:34583665 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Smit 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| van Wyk (2004) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| van Wyk 2004 Caries status and treatment needs in South Africa: report of the 1999-2002 National Children's Oral Health Survey. PMID:15457909 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Varenne (2004) matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Varenne 2004 Oral health status of children and adults in urban and rural areas of Burkina Faso, Africa DOI:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2004.tb00260.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Waweru 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).