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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ Flumecinol vs placebo Depression ‐ not measured · patients with cholestatic pruritus (CP) Pharmacological interventions for pruritus in adult palliative care patients (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Flumecinol vs placebo Risk for at least one adverse event per patient ‐ not measured · patients with cholestatic pruritus (CP) Pharmacological interventions for pruritus in adult palliative care patients (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Gabapentin vs pregabalin Quality of life ‐ not reported · patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) pruritus Pharmacological interventions for pruritus in adult palliative care patients (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Gabapentin vs pregabalin Patient satisfaction ‐ not reported · patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) pruritus Pharmacological interventions for pruritus in adult palliative care patients (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Gabapentin vs pregabalin Depression ‐ not reported · patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) pruritus Pharmacological interventions for pruritus in adult palliative care patients (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids Growth during the first month of life · neonates born at <37 weeks of gestation Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids Growth during the first month of life · neonates born at <37 weeks of gestation Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids Growth during first month of life · neonates born at <37 weeks of gestation Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 87 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids Discharge weight · neonates born at <37 weeks of gestation Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids Neurodevelopmental outcome assessed by any standard tool · neonates born at <37 weeks of gestation Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.21, 3.28] | 1 study · 111 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids All‐cause mortality at 28 days and before discharge from hospital · neonates born at <37 weeks of gestation Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids Nitrogen balance · neonates born at <37 weeks of gestation Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 93 participants | Low |
Preoperative parenteral nutrition vs usual care or control Non‐infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.36, 1.02] | 3 studies · 260 participants | Very low |
Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) vs usual care or control Infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.53, 1.04] | 7 studies · 925 participants | Low |
Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) vs usual care or control Length of hospital stay (days) · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 688 participants | Low |
Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) vs usual care or control Adverse effects · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 399 participants | Ungraded |
Oral nutritional supplements vs usual care or control Non‐infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.67, 1.2] | 5 studies · 473 participants | Low |
Oral nutritional supplements vs usual care or control Infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.6, 1.27] | 5 studies · 473 participants | Very low |
Oral nutritional supplements vs usual care or control Length of hospital stay (days) · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 299 participants | Low |
Oral nutritional supplements vs usual care or control Adverse effects · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 373 participants | Ungraded |
Preoperative parenteral nutrition vs usual care or control Infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.53, 1.8] | 3 studies · 260 participants | Very low |
Preoperative parenteral nutrition vs usual care or control Length of hospital stay (days) · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 135 participants | Very low |
Preoperative parenteral nutrition vs usual care or control Adverse effects · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 260 participants | Ungraded |
Preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) vs usual care or control Non‐infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) vs usual care or control Infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.59, 1.38] | 2 studies · 126 participants | Very low |
Preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) vs usual care or control Length of hospital stay (days) · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 126 participants | Very low |
Preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) vs usual care or control Adverse effects · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Ungraded |
Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) vs usual care or control Non‐ infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.62, 1] | 8 studies · 1020 participants | Low |
Topical corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment Complete resolution of phimosis · boys up to 18 years old with phimosis Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.73 [1.79, 4.16] | 10 studies · 834 participants | Low |
Topical corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment Partial resolution of phimosis · boys up to 18 years old with phimosis Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.68 [1.17, 2.4] | 7 studies · 745 participants | Low |
Topical corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment Change in retractability score · boys up to 18 years old with phimosis Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Topical corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment Long‐term complete resolution of phimosis · boys up to 18 years old with phimosis Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys (2024) · Cochrane | RR 4.09 [2.8, 5.97] | 2 studies · 280 participants | Low |
Topical corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment Adverse effects (any) · boys up to 18 years old with phimosis Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.28 [0.03, 2.62] | 11 studies · 1091 participants | Low |
BAL‐directed therapy vs standard therapy FEV1: z score · infants and children with pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis Bronchoscopy‐guided antimicrobial therapy for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 186 participants | Low |
BAL‐directed therapy vs standard therapy FVC: absolute z score · infants and children with pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis Bronchoscopy‐guided antimicrobial therapy for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 157 participants | Low |
BAL‐directed therapy vs standard therapy HRCT score · infants and children with pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis Bronchoscopy‐guided antimicrobial therapy for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 181 participants | Moderate |
BAL‐directed therapy vs standard therapy Nutritional parameters: z score for weight · infants and children with pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis Bronchoscopy‐guided antimicrobial therapy for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 186 participants | Low |
BAL‐directed therapy vs standard therapy Number of positive P aeruginosa isolates · infants and children with pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis Bronchoscopy‐guided antimicrobial therapy for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 157 participants | Low |
BAL‐directed therapy vs standard therapy Hospitalisations: number per participant per year · infants and children with pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis Bronchoscopy‐guided antimicrobial therapy for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 157 participants | Low |
BAL‐directed therapy vs standard therapy Cost of hospital care per participant (AUD) · infants and children with pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis Bronchoscopy‐guided antimicrobial therapy for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 157 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Quality of life: average change in mental health component (proxy for binary quality of life) · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 227 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Mental state: clinically important change (binary) · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.77, 1.28] | 1 study · 253 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Psychiatric hospital admissions · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane | RR 5.15 [0.67, 39.57] | 1 study · 253 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Quality of life: average change in physical health component (proxy for physical health) · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 237 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Disability (proxy for social functioning) · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.97, 1.95] | 1 study · 253 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Personal recovery ‐ not reported · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Experience of care/satisfaction ‐ not reported · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cardiovascular death Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.8, 1.07] | 2 studies · 30900 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Blood pressure7 Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Systolic BP (mm Hg) Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 491 participants | Very low |