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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Diastolic BP (mm Hg) Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.81 | 3 studies · 383 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause death Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.67, 0.95] | 9 studies · 58984 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Hospitalisation Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause annual hospitalisation rate (admissions/patient‐year) Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 834 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause annual hospitalisation days (days/patient‐year) Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 834 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Received kidney transplantation Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [1.01, 1.63] | 6 studies · 10910 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Physical Component Summary Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | SMD 0.42 [0.1, 0.73] | 5 studies · 922 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mental Component Summary Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | SMD 0.1 | 5 studies · 922 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Recovery time (hours) Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 348 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ High‐flow nasal cannula vs standard oxygen therapy (low‐flow) Length of hospital stay · infants with bronchiolitis High‐flow nasal cannula therapy for infants with bronchiolitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1951 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ High‐flow nasal cannula vs standard oxygen therapy (low‐flow) Adverse events · infants with bronchiolitis High‐flow nasal cannula therapy for infants with bronchiolitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.38, 3.74] | 4 studies · 1789 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ High‐flow nasal cannula vs standard oxygen therapy (low‐flow) Change in respiratory rate at 4 to 6 hours · infants with bronchiolitis High‐flow nasal cannula therapy for infants with bronchiolitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 692 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ High‐flow nasal cannula vs standard oxygen therapy (low‐flow) Change in heart rate at 4 to 6 hours · infants with bronchiolitis High‐flow nasal cannula therapy for infants with bronchiolitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 692 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ High‐flow nasal cannula vs standard oxygen therapy (low‐flow) Need for treatment escalation · infants with bronchiolitis High‐flow nasal cannula therapy for infants with bronchiolitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.39, 0.79] | 8 studies · 2215 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ High‐flow nasal cannula vs standard oxygen therapy (low‐flow) Duration of oxygen therapy · infants with bronchiolitis High‐flow nasal cannula therapy for infants with bronchiolitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 2132 participants | Low |
Microwave coagulation in addition to conventional transarterial chemoembolisation vs conventional transarterial chemoembolisation alone All‐cause mortality · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microwave coagulation vs conventional surgery Health‐related quality of life · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microwave coagulation vs conventional surgery Any adverse events or complications · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Microwave coagulation vs conventional surgery Disease‐free survival · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Microwave coagulation vs conventional surgery Failure to clear liver metastases · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microwave coagulation vs conventional surgery Recurrence of liver metastases · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microwave coagulation vs radiofrequency ablation All‐cause mortality · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.26, 1.47] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Microwave coagulation vs radiofrequency ablation Time to mortality (overall survival) · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | HR 0.63 [0.23, 1.73] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Microwave coagulation vs radiofrequency ablation Health‐related quality of life · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microwave coagulation vs radiofrequency ablation Any adverse events or complications · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.01, 3.67] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Microwave coagulation vs radiofrequency ablation Disease‐free survival · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microwave coagulation in addition to conventional transarterial chemoembolisation vs conventional transarterial chemoembolisation alone Time to mortality · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microwave coagulation vs radiofrequency ablation Failure to clear liver metastases · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
Microwave coagulation vs radiofrequency ablation Recurrence of liver metastases local progression · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.01, 3.67] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Microwave coagulation vs radiofrequency ablation Recurrence of liver metastases distant recurrence · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.5, 2.08] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Microwave coagulation in addition to conventional transarterial chemoembolisation vs conventional transarterial chemoembolisation alone Health‐related quality of life · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microwave coagulation in addition to conventional transarterial chemoembolisation vs conventional transarterial chemoembolisation alone Any adverse events or complications · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Microwave coagulation in addition to conventional transarterial chemoembolisation vs conventional transarterial chemoembolisation alone Disease‐free survival · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microwave coagulation in addition to conventional transarterial chemoembolisation vs conventional transarterial chemoembolisation alone Failure to clear liver metastases · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microwave coagulation in addition to conventional transarterial chemoembolisation vs conventional transarterial chemoembolisation alone Recurrence of liver metastases · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microwave coagulation vs conventional surgery All‐cause mortality · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Microwave coagulation vs conventional surgery Time to mortality (overall survival) · people with liver metastases Microwave coagulation for liver metastases (2024) · Cochrane | HR 0.91 [0.39, 2.15] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Nicotine EC vs NRT Smoking cessation at 6 months to 1 year · People who smoke Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.59 [1.29, 1.93] | 7 studies · 2544 participants | High |
Nicotine EC vs NRT Adverse events at 4 weeks to 6‐9 months Assessed by self‐report · People who smoke Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.91, 1.17] | 5 studies · 2052 participants | Moderate |
Nicotine EC vs NRT Serious adverse events at 4 weeks to 1 year Assessed via self‐report and medical records · People who smoke Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.9, 1.6] | 6 studies · 2411 participants | Low |
Nicotine EC vs non‐nicotine EC Smoking cessation at 6‐12 months · People who smoke cigarettes Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [1.09, 1.96] | 6 studies · 1613 participants | Moderate |
Nicotine EC vs non‐nicotine EC Adverse events at 1 week to 6 months Assessed via self‐report · People who smoke cigarettes Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.91, 1.11] | 5 studies · 840 participants | Moderate |
Nicotine EC vs non‐nicotine EC Serious adverse events at 1 week to 1 year Assessed via self‐report and medical records · People who smoke cigarettes Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.56, 1.79] | 9 studies · 1412 participants | Low |
Nicotine EC vs behavioural support only/no support Smoking cessation at 6 to 12 months Assessed using biochemical validation · People who smoke Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.88 [1.56, 2.25] | 9 studies · 5024 participants | Low |
Nicotine EC vs behavioural support only/no support Adverse events at 12 weeks to 6 months Assessed via self‐report · People who smoke Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [1.12, 1.32] | 4 studies · 765 participants | Low |
Nicotine EC vs behavioural support only/no support Serious adverse events at 4 weeks to 8 months Assessed via self‐report and medical records · People who smoke Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.59, 1.34] | 10 studies · 3263 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs Cerebral palsy at 18 to 22 months' corrected age · preterm or very low birth weight infants Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants (2024) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.15, 61.74] | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs Mental Developmental Index (Bayley II) at 18 to 22 months' corrected age · preterm or very low birth weight infants Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs Normal auditory functioning at discharge · preterm or very low birth weight infants Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.65 [0.93, 2.94] | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or very low birth weight infants Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.07 [0.64, 6.7] | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |