Incidence of new ICLs (proportion of subjects developing new lesions) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances, followed for development of new ICLs
About 48% of patients developed new ICLs during fixed orthodontic treatment (pooled incidence 0.48, 95% CI 0.33-0.63; very low certainty; very high heterogeneity).
1 finding from 1 review
Prevalence of ICLs (proportion of tooth surfaces affected) · Patients (permanent dentition) during or after fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances
About 22% of tooth surfaces showed ICLs during/after fixed orthodontic treatment (pooled 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33; very low certainty; extreme heterogeneity).
1 finding from 1 review
Prevalence of ICLs (proportion of subjects affected) · Patients (permanent dentition) during or after fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances
Around 57% of patients had ICLs during or after fixed orthodontic treatment (pooled prevalence 0.57, 95% CI 0.48-0.65; very low certainty; very high heterogeneity).
1 finding from 1 review
White spot lesion development (QLF: mineral loss, lesion area/depth, new lesions) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35)
A single RCT found the one-step adhesive without a primer (GC Ortho Connect) produced more and more severe white spot lesions than conventional multi-step systems (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Bracket (bond) failure · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
Clearfil Protect Bond showed no difference in bracket failure, with certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
No statistically significant difference in bond failure rates was observed between quadrants bonded with Clearfil (CF) and those bonded with the conventional primer (p = 0.316).
1 study · 35 participants
GRADE not reported
Enamel demineralization (DIAGNOdent score) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
TiO2-modified composite favored lower DIAGNOdent scores, with certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)
In randomized trials, clear aligners probably reduce plaque accumulation versus fixed appliances, though the subgroup estimate is imprecise and its CI crosses no effect (SMD -1.79, 95% CI -3.63 to 0.04; moderate certainty).
6 findings from 1 review
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Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
Chlorhexidine mouthwash reduced Mutans streptococci versus placebo, but certainty is very low.
1 finding from 1 review
Impaired OHRQoL measured with CPQ 11-14 (quantitative synthesis / meta-analysis) · Adolescents (10-19 years)
Malocclusion (DAI) probably increases the prevalence of impaired OHRQoL (CPQ 11-14) by about 15% in adolescents (RR/PR 1.15, 95% CI 1.12-1.18; moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
Chlorhexidine mouthwash reduced Mutans streptococci versus blank control, but certainty is very low.
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
Herbal mouthwash reduced some plaque-related indices versus placebo, with low-certainty evidence.
1 finding from 1 review
Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
Short-term fluoride mouthwash reduced Mutans streptococci, but certainty is very low.
2 findings from 1 review
Probing pocket depth (PPD/PD) · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances)
Chlorhexidine mouthwash may reduce pocket probing depth versus placebo in the short term (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
White spot lesion incidence · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)
Most studies reported a lower incidence of white spot lesions with clear aligners than fixed appliances, but heterogeneous assessment methods precluded meta-analysis (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances)
Chlorhexidine mouthwash may reduce the Plaque Index versus blank control in the short term (WMD -0.70, 95% CI -1.12 to -0.27), but the evidence is very uncertain (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances)
CPC mouthwash may reduce plaque-related indexes versus blank control in the short term, but the evidence is very uncertain (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
Herbal mouthwash reduced Mutans streptococci versus placebo, but certainty is very low.
1 finding from 1 review
Gingival inflammation-related index · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances)
Short-term fluoride mouthwash has uncertain effects on gingival inflammation-related indexes versus blank control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
Long-term fluoride mouthwash showed mixed plaque-index effects, with very low-certainty evidence.
2 findings from 1 review
PI was similar to blank control [37]; API was slightly reduced compared to blank control and significant at 6 and 9 months [59].
2 studies
Very low
TI was significantly reduced compared to baseline [34]; PI was significantly reduced compared to baseline but similar to blank control [46].
2 studies
Very low
Cariogenic bacteria (Lactobacilli colony count) · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances)
Long-term (>=12 months) fluoride mouthwash may make little or no difference to Lactobacilli colony counts versus blank control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review