Findings

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Prevention of eclampsia: short vs standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen)

Side effect: respiratory depression · women with pre‐eclampsia

Prevention of eclampsia: short showed no clear difference in side effect: respiratory depression compared with standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) vs usual care

Partner abuse: episodes during pregnancy · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) changes partner abuse: episodes during pregnancy compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) vs usual care

Partner abuse in the first 3 months postpartum (Current Abuse Score**) The Current abuse score consists of 2 scales: 1) Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) and 2) Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP). · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) changes partner abuse: episodes during the first 3 months postpartum compared with standard care (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) vs usual care

Partner abuse: total episodes at final study assessment (pregnancy and up to 10 weeks postpartum) · pregnant women

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) probably leads to lower partner abuse: total episodes at final study assessment (pregnancy… compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Abstinence · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to higher abstinence at 0 to 5 months postpartum compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in preterm birth (under 37 weeks) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Hypertensive disorders (including pre‐eclampsia, pregnancy‐induced hypertension, eclampsia) · women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Probiotic showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders (including pre‐eclampsia, pregnancy‐induced… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary care screening vs secondary care screening

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Primary care screening showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia toxemia compared with secondary care screening (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (maternal outcomes)

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: severe hypertension or pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women with GDM

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet changes hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: severe hypertension or… compared with moderate‐high GI diet (maternal outcomes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet vs no energy‐restricted diet (maternal outcomes)

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women with GDM

Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia compared with no energy‐restricted diet (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin vs insulin

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia · women with type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether maternal outcomes: oral anti‐diabetic agent (metformin) changes hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia compared with insulin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring vs intermittent glucose monitoring

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia · women with gestational diabetes mellitus

It is very uncertain whether self‐monitoring changes hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia compared with periodic glucose monitoring (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review