Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

121 questions · 128 findings · 51 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility

No studies found 32 · 25%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 40 · 31.3%Low 45 · 35.2%Moderate 10 · 7.8%High 1 · 0.8%

Acupuncture vs sham

Multiple pregnancy rate · polycystic ovarian syndrome

True acupuncture showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate compared with sham acupuncture (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound‐guided transvaginal ovarian needle drilling with gonadotropin (Gn) vs Gn

Multiple pregnancy rate · clomiphene‐resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome in subfertile women

It is very uncertain whether ultrasound‐guided transvaginal ovarian needle drilling with… changes multiple pregnancy rate (per woman) compared with gn (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Recombinant follicle stimulating hormone vs urinary‐derived gonadotrophins

Multiple pregnancy rate · ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Recombinant follicle stimulating hormone showed no clear difference in incidence of multiple pregnancy (per woman) compared with urinary‐derived gonadotrophins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Human menopausal gonadotrophin or highly purified human menopausal gonadotrophin vs urinary follicle stimulating hormone

Multiple pregnancy rate · ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome

It is very uncertain whether human menopausal gonadotrophin or highly purified human menopausal… changes incidence of multiple pregnancy (per woman) compared with urinary follicle stimulating hormone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy vs no additional therapy

Multiple pregnancy rate · patients with endometriosis prior to standard IVF/ICSI

It is very uncertain whether long‐term GnRH agonist therapy changes multiple pregnancy rate compared with no additional therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ART with seminal plasma vs standard ART (IVF, ICSI, and frozen embryo transfer)

Multiple pregnancy · Women undergoing ART (IVF, ICSI, or frozen embryo transfer)

ART with seminal plasma showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy compared with standard ART (IVF, ICSI, and frozen embryo transfer) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review