Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

102 questions · 102 findings · 36 reviews · Emergency and Critical Care

No studies found 8 · 7.8%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 35 · 34.3%Low 24 · 23.5%Moderate 27 · 26.5%High 8 · 7.8%

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) vs heated humidifiers (HH)

Artificial airway occlusion (measured over 3‐15 days (median 4 days)) · ventilated adults (18 trials) and children (1 trial)

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) showed no clear difference in artificial airway occlusion (measured over 3‐15 days (median 4 days)) compared with heated humidifiers (HH) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) vs heated humidifiers (HH)

All‐cause mortality, over the course of the study · ventilated adults (18 trials) and children (1 trial)

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) showed no clear difference in mortality ‐ all cause (Measured over 3‐15 days (median 8 days)) compared with heated humidifiers (HH) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) vs heated humidifiers (HH)

Pneumonia · ventilated adults (18 trials) and children (1 trial)

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) showed no clear difference in pneumonia (Measured over 4‐21 days (median 4 days)) compared with heated humidifiers (HH) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PCT vs non‐PCT (standard care or CRP: primary outcomes)

Mortality at 28 days · adult patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock

PCT showed no clear difference in mortality at 28 days compared with non‐PCT (standard care or CRP: primary outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐frequency oscillation vs conventional ventilation

Mortality (at 30 days or until hospital discharge) · people with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

It is very uncertain whether high‐frequency oscillation changes mortality (at 30 days or until hospital discharge) compared with conventional ventilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Ventilator days · children with critical illness

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes ventilator days (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Length of stay (days) · children with critical illness

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes length of stay (days) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Days on ventilator (selenium) · Patients with critical illnesses

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes days on ventilator (selenium) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review