Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,271 questions · 1,326 findings · 329 reviews

No studies found 247 · 18.6%GRADE not reported 237 · 17.9%Very low 379 · 28.6%Low 285 · 21.5%Moderate 141 · 10.6%High 37 · 2.8%

Cuffed vs uncuffed tubes

Need for ETT exchange (defined as more than one attempt to arrive at the final endotracheal tube size) · Children up to eight years undergoing general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether cuffed changes need for ETT exchange (defined as more than one attempt to arrive at… compared with uncuffed tubes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct‐acting antivirals vs control

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event at maximum · adults with chronic hepatitis C

It is very uncertain whether direct‐acting antivirals changes proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event at… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct‐acting antivirals withdrawn from the market vs control

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event at maximum · adults with chronic hepatitis C

It is very uncertain whether direct‐acting antivirals withdrawn from the market changes proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event at… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adherence education vs controls

Unsheduled visits to a healthcare provider (people with 1 or more) WMD of · people with asthma

It is very uncertain whether adherence education changes unsheduled visits to a healthcare provider (people with 1 or more)… compared with controls (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride mouthrinse (any fluoride agent, concentration, volume, frequency or technique; swished and expectorated, not swallowed) vs placebo or no treatment

Proportion developing new caries · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride mouthrinse (any fluoride agent, concentration, volume,… showed no clear difference in proportion of children developing one or more new caries compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Motor development and vigor (MDV) domain of the NAPI tool Normative mean and SD at 36 weeks PMA 63 (14.5) Higher scores are associated with more mature behaviour (Snider 2005) · neonates with pain associated with potentially painful procedures for 7 days
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Alertness and orientation (AO) domain of the NAPI tool Normative mean and SD at 36 weeks PMA 54 (19.4) Higher scores are associated with more mature behaviour (Snider 2005) · neonates with pain associated with potentially painful procedures for 7 days
1 finding from 1 review

Surgery vs LNG‐IUS

Subjective control of bleeding: PBAC no more than 75 per cycle Endometrial resection or ablation versus LNG‐IUS At 1 year · women with heavy menstrual bleeding

Surgery may leads to higher subjective control of bleeding: PBAC no more than 75 per cycle… compared with LNG‐IUS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo

Improvement in sensory nerve function at 1 year · people with nerve damage (< 6 months' duration) in leprosy

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in improvement in sensory nerve function at 1 year Defined as a… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo

Adverse events Assessed as: occurrence of one or more major adverse events requiring withdrawal of treatment · people with nerve damage (< 6 months' duration) in leprosy

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in adverse events Assessed as: occurrence of one or more major adverse… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chromoscopy vs conventional colonoscopy

Number of participants with 3 or more adenomas (in studies with single intubation) · people undergoing colonoscopy for the detection of polyps

Chromoscopy may leads to higher number of participants with 3 or more adenomas (in studies with… compared with conventional colonoscopy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐exclusive breastfeeding (foods) vs exclusive breastfeeding

“Food allergy” to 1 or more foods between 1 to 3 years of age · healthy breastfeeding full‐term infants

Non‐exclusive breastfeeding (foods) showed no clear difference in “Food allergy” to 1 or more foods between 1 to 3 years of age compared with exclusive breastfeeding (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review