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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

191 questions in 16 reviews · Sexually Transmitted Infections

current versions
No studies 38 · 19.9%Ungraded 4 · 2.1%Very low 53 · 27.7%Low 68 · 35.6%Moderate 19 · 9.9%High 9 · 4.7%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Ceftriaxone vs penicillin G
Adverse events Any untoward medical occurrence regarding medications · people with neurosyphilis
Antibiotic therapy for adults with neurosyphilis (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 1 participantsVery low
Ceftriaxone vs penicillin G
Recurrence of neurosyphilis · people with neurosyphilis
Antibiotic therapy for adults with neurosyphilis (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ceftriaxone vs penicillin G
Time to recovery · people with neurosyphilis
Antibiotic therapy for adults with neurosyphilis (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ceftriaxone vs penicillin G
Quality of life · people with neurosyphilis
Antibiotic therapy for adults with neurosyphilis (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ceftriaxone vs penicillin G
Withdrawals · people with neurosyphilis
Antibiotic therapy for adults with neurosyphilis (2019) · Cochrane
RR 2 [0.42, 9.48]1 study · 36 participantsVery low
Antibiotic treatment vs no intervention
Neonatal death rate due congenital syphilis · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment for newborns with congenital syphilis (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) vs any other antibiotic (procaine benzylpenicillin)
Serological cure (4‐fold decrease or greater in non‐treponemal tests titre) · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment for newborns with congenital syphilis (2019) · Cochrane
RR 1 [0.97, 1.03]1 study · 129 participantsModerate
Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) vs any other antibiotic (procaine benzylpenicillin)
Minor adverse events of therapy · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment for newborns with congenital syphilis (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antibiotic treatment vs no intervention
Neonatal death rate due any cause · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment for newborns with congenital syphilis (2019) · Cochrane
RR 0.83 [0.06, 11.7]1 study · 22 participantsLow
Antibiotic treatment vs no intervention
Absence of clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis during · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment for newborns with congenital syphilis (2019) · Cochrane
RR 0.12 [0.01, 2.09]1 study · 22 participantsLow
Antibiotic treatment vs no intervention
Serious adverse events · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment for newborns with congenital syphilis (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antibiotic treatment vs no intervention
Serological cure (≥ 4‐fold decrease in non‐treponemal tests titre) · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment for newborns with congenital syphilis (2019) · Cochrane
RR 2.13 [1.06, 4.27]1 study · 20 participantsLow
Antibiotic treatment vs no intervention
Minor adverse events of therapy · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment for newborns with congenital syphilis (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) vs any other antibiotic (procaine benzylpenicillin)
Neonatal death rate due congenital syphilis · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment for newborns with congenital syphilis (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 participantsUngraded
Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) vs any other antibiotic (procaine benzylpenicillin)
Neonatal death rate due to any cause · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment for newborns with congenital syphilis (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) vs any other antibiotic (procaine benzylpenicillin)
Absence of clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis during · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment for newborns with congenital syphilis (2019) · Cochrane
RR 1 [0.97, 1.03]1 study · 152 participantsHigh
Probiotics used as adjuvants to conventional antifungal drugs vs conventional antifungal drugs
Clinical cure rate (short‐term) · non‐pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis
Probiotics for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non‐pregnant women (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.14 [1.05, 1.24]5 studies · 695 participantsLow
Probiotics used as adjuvants to conventional antifungal drugs vs conventional antifungal drugs
Clinical cure rate (long‐term) · non‐pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis
Probiotics for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non‐pregnant women (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.07 [0.86, 1.33]1 study · 172 participantsVery low
Probiotics used as adjuvants to conventional antifungal drugs vs conventional antifungal drugs
Mycological cure rate (short‐term) · non‐pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis
Probiotics for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non‐pregnant women (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.06 [1.02, 1.1]7 studies · 969 participantsLow
Probiotics used as adjuvants to conventional antifungal drugs vs conventional antifungal drugs
Mycological cure rate (long‐term) · non‐pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis
Probiotics for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non‐pregnant women (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.26 [0.93, 1.71]3 studies · 627 participantsVery low
Probiotics used as adjuvants to conventional antifungal drugs vs conventional antifungal drugs
Relapse rate · non‐pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis
Probiotics for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non‐pregnant women (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.34 [0.17, 0.68]3 studies · 388 participantsVery low
Probiotics used as adjuvants to conventional antifungal drugs vs conventional antifungal drugs
Rate of serious adverse events · non‐pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis
Probiotics for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non‐pregnant women (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.8 [0.22, 2.94]2 studies · 440 participantsLow
Macrolides vs any other antibiotic
Clinical cure: syndromic approach · sexually active adults
Macrolides for treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in sexually active adults (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.09 [0.97, 1.21]2 studies · 340 participantsLow
Macrolides vs any other antibiotic
Clinical cure: aetiological approach · sexually active adults
Macrolides for treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in sexually active adults (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.06 [0.98, 1.15]5 studies · 348 participantsLow
Macrolides vs any other antibiotic
Clinical improvement: syndromic approach · sexually active adults
Macrolides for treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in sexually active adults (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.89 [0.52, 1.52]2 studies · 340 participantsVery low
Macrolides vs any other antibiotic
Clinical improvement: aetiological approach · sexually active adults
Macrolides for treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in sexually active adults (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.8 [0.42, 1.51]3 studies · 187 participantsLow
Macrolides vs any other antibiotic
Microbiological cure · sexually active adults
Macrolides for treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in sexually active adults (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.93 [0.74, 1.16]1 study · 45 participantsLow
Macrolides vs any other antibiotic
Minor adverse events · sexually active adults
Macrolides for treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in sexually active adults (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.34 [0.24, 7.51]3 studies · 412 participantsVery low
Macrolide (erythromycin) vs any other macrolide
Clinical cure: syndromic approach · sexually active adults
Macrolides for treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in sexually active adults (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1 [0.91, 1.1]2 studies · 269 participantsLow
Macrolide (erythromycin) vs any other macrolide
Clinical cure: aetiological approach · sexually active adults
Macrolides for treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in sexually active adults (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.04 [0.93, 1.16]2 studies · 211 participantsLow
Macrolide (erythromycin) vs any other macrolide
Minor adverse events · sexually active adults
Macrolides for treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in sexually active adults (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.14 [0.63, 2.06]1 study · 101 participantsVery low
Oral acyclovir vs placebo
Duration of symptoms from onset of treatment · men and women with their first episode of genital herpes
Interventions for men and women with their first episode of genital herpes (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 82 participantsLow
Oral acyclovir vs placebo
Adverse events · men and women with their first episode of genital herpes
Interventions for men and women with their first episode of genital herpes (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 130 participantsVery low
Oral acyclovir vs placebo
Duration of lesions from onset of treatment · men and women with their first episode of genital herpes
Interventions for men and women with their first episode of genital herpes (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 86 participantsLow
Oral acyclovir vs placebo
Time to recurrence · men and women with their first episode of genital herpes
Interventions for men and women with their first episode of genital herpes (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 198 participantsVery low
Topical acyclovir vs placebo
Duration of symptoms from onset of treatment · men and women with their first episode of genital herpes
Interventions for men and women with their first episode of genital herpes (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 195 participantsLow
Topical acyclovir vs placebo
Duration of lesions from onset of treatment · men and women with their first episode of genital herpes
Interventions for men and women with their first episode of genital herpes (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 195 participantsLow
Topical acyclovir vs placebo
Adverse events ‐ pain with topical application · men and women with their first episode of genital herpes
Interventions for men and women with their first episode of genital herpes (2016) · Cochrane
RR 0.74 [0.46, 1.2]3 studies · 247 participantsLow
Topical acyclovir vs placebo
Time to recurrence · men and women with their first episode of genital herpes
Interventions for men and women with their first episode of genital herpes (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 129 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Chlamydia prevalence (general population) Outcome was chlamydia test positivity after 3 yearly invitations in intervention clusters vs 1 invitation in control areas. Uptake was too low for chlamydia positivity to be considered an unbiased estimate... · healthy adults
Screening for genital chlamydia infection (2016) · Cochrane
RR 0.96 [0.84, 1.09]1 study · 30122 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Chlamydia prevalence (high risk population) Outcome was prevalence of positive chlamydia tests in repeated cross‐sectional surveys of women tested at sex venues after 4 years of intervention. · healthy adults
Screening for genital chlamydia infection (2016) · Cochrane
RR 0.72 [0.54, 0.98]1 study · 4156 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) at 12 months (intention‐to‐treat) Outcome was clinically diagnosed PID reported by the participant or extracted from medical records, pharmacy records or hospital discharge coding. Outcome very likely... · healthy adults
Screening for genital chlamydia infection (2016) · Cochrane
RR 0.68 [0.49, 0.94]4 studies · 21686 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Incidence of epididymitis in men at 12 months (intention‐to‐treat) Outcome was epididymitis diagnosed in hospital and abstracted from hospital discharge coding. · healthy adults
Screening for genital chlamydia infection (2016) · Cochrane
RR 0.8 [0.45, 1.42]1 study · 14980 participantsVery low
Any antibiotic treatment vs placebo
Recurrence · sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis
Antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (2016) · Cochrane
RR 1 [0.67, 1.52]3 studies · 372 participantsVery low
Any antibiotic treatment vs no intervention
Symptomatic improvement · sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis
Antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (2016) · Cochrane
RR 0.66 [0.39, 1.11]1 study · 70 participantsVery low
Any antibiotic treatment vs placebo
Recurrence · sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis
Antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (2016) · Cochrane
RR 1.28 [0.68, 2.43]1 study · 218 participantsLow
Any antibiotic treatment vs placebo
Clinical improvement during the first week · sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis
Antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (2016) · Cochrane
RR 0.99 [0.96, 1.03]4 studies · 712 participantsHigh
Any antibiotic treatment vs placebo
Clinical improvement · sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis
Antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (2016) · Cochrane
RR 1.02 [0.94, 1.11]3 studies · 590 participantsHigh
Any antibiotic treatment vs placebo
Clinical improvement · sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis
Antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (2016) · Cochrane
RR 0.98 [0.9, 1.07]4 studies · 572 participantsHigh
Any antibiotic treatment vs placebo
Symptomatic improvement during the first week · sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis
Antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (2016) · Cochrane
RR 1.06 [1, 1.12]3 studies · 577 participantsHigh