Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

436 questions · 451 findings · 96 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 31 · 6.9%GRADE not reported 17 · 3.8%Very low 149 · 33%Low 130 · 28.8%Moderate 103 · 22.8%High 21 · 4.7%

Intervention not reported

Satisfaction with the decision‐making process (multi‐component intervention) [questionnaire, assessed immediately post‐intervention] · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic areas)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Fear of falling3 Immediately post intervention · older people living in the community

The intervention may leads to higher fear of falling3 Immediately post intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

No or only mild elbow pain Immediate (post aspiration or at an equivalent time) · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes no or only mild elbow pain Immediate (post aspiration or at an… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azoles vs moderate‐potent corticosteroid/azole combinations

Clinical cure · patients with tinea cruris and tinea corporis

It is very uncertain whether azoles changes clinical cure (immediately at end of treatment) Resolution of… compared with moderate‐potent corticosteroid/azole combinations (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tizanidine vs carbamazepine

Immediate improvement in pain relief Number of participants improved (good/very good efficacy) on a self assessed categorical 'overall efficacy score' (0 = no efficacy to 4 = very good) · patients with trigeminal neuralgia

Tizanidine showed no clear difference in immediate improvement in pain relief Number of participants improved… compared with carbamazepine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity immediate post‐treatment (3 weeks) · Patients with chronic non‐specific neck pain
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Global Perceived Effect immediate post‐treatment (3 weeks) · Patients with chronic non‐specific neck pain
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Discrimination (i) not registering to attend focus group with people with schizophrenia (immediate) · General public or any of its constituent groups (excluding groups comprising solely of people with mental ill health)

The intervention may leads to higher discrimination (i) not registering to attend focus group with people… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Femoral vs subclavian insertion: short‐term catheterization

Immediate mechanical complications ‐ Total mechanical complications · critically ill patients

Femoral showed no clear difference in immediate mechanical complications ‐ Total mechanical complications compared with subclavian insertion: short‐term catheterization (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Femoral vs subclavian insertion: short‐term catheterization

Immediate mechanical complications ‐ Major mechanical complications · critically ill patients

Femoral showed no clear difference in immediate mechanical complications ‐ Major mechanical complications compared with subclavian insertion: short‐term catheterization (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Femoral vs internal jugular insertion: short‐term catheterization

Immediate mechanical complications ‐ Total mechanical complications · critically ill patients who were expected to require support with renal replacement therapy

Femoral probably leads to lower immediate mechanical complications ‐ Total mechanical complications compared with internal jugular insertion: short‐term catheterization (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Femoral vs internal jugular insertion: short‐term catheterization

Immediate mechanical complications ‐ Major mechanical complications · critically ill patients who were expected to require support with renal replacement therapy

Femoral showed no clear difference in immediate mechanical complications ‐ Major mechanical complications compared with internal jugular insertion: short‐term catheterization (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review