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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Enteral vs parenteral nutrition Local septic complications · patients with acute pancreatitis Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.4, 1.35] | 5 studies · 246 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain VAS pain scales · Patients with knee osteoarthritis (none of the trials included patients with hip osteoarthritis) Therapeutic ultrasound for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 320 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Function Various validated function scales · Patients with knee osteoarthritis (none of the trials included patients with hip osteoarthritis) Therapeutic ultrasound for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 251 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Number of patients experiencing any adverse event · Patients with knee osteoarthritis (none of the trials included patients with hip osteoarthritis) Therapeutic ultrasound for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 67 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Number of patients who withdrew because of adverse events · Patients with knee osteoarthritis (none of the trials included patients with hip osteoarthritis) Therapeutic ultrasound for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 67 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Number of patients experiencing any serious adverse event · Patients with knee osteoarthritis (none of the trials included patients with hip osteoarthritis) Therapeutic ultrasound for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 136 participants | Low |
BoNT‐A vs Placebo/no treatment Elbow flexor spasticity modified Tardieu scale. Scale from: 0 to 180. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A/OT vs OT only Quality of movement (18 mths ‐ 8yrs) Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test. Scale from: 0 to 100. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 84 participants | High |
BoNT‐A/OT vs OT only Quality of movement (5 yrs ‐ 15yrs) The Melbourne Assessment. Scale from: 0 to 100. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 69 participants | High |
BoNT‐A/OT vs OT only Goal attainment Goal Attainment Scaling2. Scale from: 20 to 80. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 152 participants | High |
BoNT‐A/OT vs OT only Occupational performance ‐ performance Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Scale from: 0 to 10. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 109 participants | High |
BoNT‐A/OT vs OT only Occupational performance ‐ satisfaction Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Scale from: 0 to 100. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 109 participants | High |
BoNT‐A/OT vs BoNT‐A only Elbow flexors spasticity modified Tardieu scale. Scale from: 0 to 180. · patients with children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A/OT vs BoNT‐A only Wrist flexor spasticity modified Tardieu scale. Scale from: 0 to 90. · patients with children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | High |
BoNT‐A/OT vs BoNT‐A only Quality of movement (18 mths ‐ 8yrs) Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test. Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients with children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A/OT vs BoNT‐A only Quality of movement (5 yrs ‐ 15yrs) The Melbourne Assessment. Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients with children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | High |
BoNT‐A/OT vs BoNT‐A only Goal attainment Goal Attainment Scaling3. Scale from: 20 to 80. · patients with children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | High |
BoNT‐A vs Placebo/no treatment Wrist flexor spasticity modified Tardieu scale. Scale from: 0 to 90. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A/OT vs BoNT‐A only Occupational performance ‐ performance Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Scale from: 0 to 10. · patients with children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A/OT vs BoNT‐A only Occupational performance ‐ satisfaction Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Scale from: 0 to 10. · patients with children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A/OT vs Placebo/no treatment Elbow flexor spasticity modified Tardieu scale. Scale from: 0 to 100. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A/OT vs Placebo/no treatment Wrist flexor spasticity modified Tardieu scale. Scale from: 0 to 90. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | High |
BoNT‐A/OT vs Placebo/no treatment Quality of movement (18 mths ‐ 8yrs) Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test. Scale from: 0 to 100. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A/OT vs Placebo/no treatment Quality of movement (5 yrs ‐ 15yrs) The Melbourne Assessment. Scale from: 0 to 100. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A/OT vs Placebo/no treatment Goal attainment Goal Attainment Scaling3. Scale from: 20 to 80. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | High |
BoNT‐A/OT vs Placebo/no treatment Occupational performance ‐ performance Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Scale from: 0 to 10. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | High |
BoNT‐A/OT vs Placebo/no treatment Occupational performance ‐ satisfaction Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Scale from: 0 to 10. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | High |
BoNT‐A only vs OT only Elbow flexor spasticity modified Tardieu scale. Scale from: 0 to 180. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | High |
BoNT‐A vs Placebo/no treatment Quality of movement (18 mths ‐ 8yrs) Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test. Scale from: 0 to 100. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A only vs OT only Wrist flexor spasticity modified Tardieu scale. Scale from: 0 to 90. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A only vs OT only Quality of movement (18 mths ‐ 8yrs) QUEST. Scale from: 0 to 100. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A only vs OT only Quality of movement (5 yrs ‐ 15yrs) The Melbourne Assessment. Scale from: 0 to 100. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A only vs OT only Goal attainment Goal attainment scaling3. Scale from: 20 to 80. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A only vs OT only Occupational performance ‐ performance Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Scale from: 0 to 10. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A only vs OT only Occupational performance ‐ satisfaction Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Scale from: 0 to 10. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Moderate |
High dose BoNT‐A vs Low dose BoNT‐A Elbow flexor spasticity · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 1 participants | Ungraded |
High dose BoNT‐A vs Low dose BoNT‐A Wrist flexor spasticity · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 1 participants | Ungraded |
High dose BoNT‐A vs Low dose BoNT‐A Quality of movement (18 mths ‐ 8yrs) Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test. Scale from: 0 to 100. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Moderate |
High dose BoNT‐A vs Low dose BoNT‐A Goal attainment · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 1 participants | Ungraded |
BoNT‐A vs Placebo/no treatment Quality of movement (5 yrs ‐ 15yrs) The Melbourne Assessment. Scale from: 0 to 100. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Moderate |
High dose BoNT‐A vs Low dose BoNT‐A Quality of movement (5 yrs to 15 yrs) · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 1 participants | Ungraded |
High dose BoNT‐A vs Low dose BoNT‐A Occupational performance ‐ performance · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 1 participants | Ungraded |
High dose BoNT‐A vs Low dose BoNT‐A Occupational performance ‐ satisfaction · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 1 participants | Ungraded |
BoNT‐A vs Placebo/no treatment Goal attainment Goal Attainment Scaling3. Scale from: 20 to 80. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A vs Placebo/no treatment Occupational performance ‐ performance Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Scale from: 0 to 10. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | High |
BoNT‐A vs Placebo/no treatment Occuptional performance ‐ satisfaction Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Scale from: 0 to 10. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | High |
BoNT‐A/OT vs OT only Elbow flexor spasticity modified Tardieu scale. Scale from: 0 to 180. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | High |
BoNT‐A/OT vs OT only Wrist flexor spasticity modified Tardieu scale. Scale from: 0 to 90. · children with cerebral palsy Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic… (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | High |
Intervention NR Aggression OAS, OAS‐M, MOAS, self‐reported incidents, CPRS subscale (endpoints fall between 2 weeks and 6 months) · Any individual experiencing recurrent aggressive outbursts or episodes Antiepileptics for aggression and associated impulsivity (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 606 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Impulsivity Q‐sort, Porteus Maze Test (endpoints fall between 2 weeks and 6 months) · Any individual experiencing recurrent aggressive outbursts or episodes Antiepileptics for aggression and associated impulsivity (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 43 participants | Very low |