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A 22% reduction in injurious crashes in first year and 20% in second year post intervention compared to before.

A non‐significant 19% reduction in crashes (not defined) A 20% reduction in injury crashes 2 years post intervention

After accounting for all potential confounders, the overall average effect of speed cameras on crashes was a reduction of 25% in personal injury crashes (PIA's) and an average 11% reduction in fatal and serious crashes for the 500m monitoring leng...

At camera sites a reduction of 19% for all crashes and a reduction of 44% for fatal and serious crashes. The authors state that the reduction in total crashes was significantly greater than that expected from the effect of RTM in 12 out of the 20 ...

Reduction of 50% in personal injury accidents (0‐500m route)

Main findings= 5.8km/h reduction in mean speeds at 24 months at camera sites. For percentage exceeding speed limit, a 70% reduction at camera sites and a 20.9% reduction downstream at 12 months. These reductions were maintained at 24 months. For p...

A significant 56% reduction in fatal crashes relative to controls, a 12% reduction for all crashes and a 25% for serious crashes.

23% reduction in number of injury crashes. 66% reduction in fatal crashes.

Aggregate change in crashes was a significant 12% reduction for experimental roads.

A reduction of 35% in the total number of crashes for phase 1 and 2 compared to the control roads and the same period 3 years previously.

Phase 3 ‐ conducted in 1994 on one road in one province Noord‐Brabant. The reduction in crashes found in 1991 had been maintained.

A significant 20% reduction in injury crashes equating to about 62 injury crashes per year on all 64 road sections combined.

Reduction of 9.17% in crashes and a significant 32.4% in serious injury compared to New Zealand overall.

Total crash reduction at enforcement zones of 44 to 55%, injury crash reduction of 46 to 56% with no reduction seen in rear‐end crashes

Total aggregate crash reduction of 12% on experimental corridors

Phase 1 ‐ General effects ‐ effect of speed camera program on crash rate and severity covering first twelve month post intervention period. Phase 3, 4 and 5, of this 5‐phase study did not have before‐after data, hence only phase 1 and 2 tabled.

Reduction in speed and narrowing of speed distribution for 60km/h, 70km/h and 100km/h zones at experimental sites. No further information given.

Phase 2 ‐ Impact of program mechanisms i.e. number of traffic infringement notices (tin's) hours of speed camera operations, amount of paid TV publicity, demerit points in relation to, injury crash incidence and severity during low alcohol times o...

Proportion of speeding vehicles in May 1996 (before) at photo radar sites was 66%. By July 1997(after) it was about 35%. At control sites speeding vehicles in September 1995 was about 73%, in November 1996 it was about 61%.

About 25% reduction in crashes to that expected. A significant 11% reduction in number of victims, with an average decrease of 139 daytime traffic crashes requiring an ambulance. A 17% reduction in daytime crash fatalities.

Outcome measures were numbers of road crashes, numbers of people injured (combined fatal and non‐fatal) and number of vehicles involved in crashes. The relative risk of a road crash after implementation was 0.73 (5% CI = 0.63, 0.85) This effect wa...

A 45.74% reduction in weighted injury crashes within 250 metres from camera sites (total monthly before count of 23.4 compared to total monthly after count of 12.7) with lesser but still significant decreases observed in the wider surrounding area...

Speed outcomes measured: Mean speed, 85th percentile speed, percentage of vehicles over the speed limit and percentage exceeding the speed limit by more than 15mph. Speed results across all new camera sites included a 2.3mph reduction (6% reductio...

A 30% reduction in vehicles exceeding the speed limit, and a 43% reduction in vehicles exceeding the speed limit by more than 15 mph. Time over distance cameras were shown to be particularly effective (around 100% reduction) at reducing speeds exc...

Crash outcomes measured: Killed and seriously injured (KSIs) and personal injury crashes (PICs). Across all sites KSI's decreased by 42%. This equated to about 1700 fewer KSI's per annum at these camera sites. Fixed cameras in both urban (47% redu...

Over the first 2 years of the study mean speeds fell by 1.3 km/h (‐2.6 to 0.1) and 85th percentile speeds reduced by 4.3 km/h on open roads generally,compared with the rest of the country.

Having controlled for season and general trends, injury crash outcomes in experimental areas relative to control areas were a net reduction of 11% (p= 0.03) in all crashes and 19% (p=0.002) in injury crashes on open roads across the region associa...

Sharp reduction of 5 km/h in median speed on experimental roads after program launch. No further reduction observed despite intensified enforcement. However reduction sustained throughout the 15 month trial period.

Significant average 3.6 km/h decrease in mean speed compared to before. No time halo effect seen.

Net 3.4% speed reduction after consideration of changes in average speeds that occurred at control site during the same before‐after periods. The proportion of drivers exceeding the 80km/h posted speed limit decreased by a net 66%. For speeders ov...

A reduction from 66% to 35% in the percentage of speeding drivers at experimental sites compared to before period.

Patients who progressed ‐ at 2 years · patients with multiple sclerosis

Patients who progressed ‐ at 35 months · patients with multiple sclerosis

Change in disability score at the end of · patients with multiple sclerosis

Change in disability score at the end of · patients with multiple sclerosis

Mean number of relapses ‐ within 1 year of · patients with multiple sclerosis

Mean number of relapses ‐ at 2 years of · patients with multiple sclerosis

Frequency of hot flushes Number of hot flushes per day ( · patients with hot flushes in women with a history of breast cancer

Hot flushes score Number of HF x severity (from 1 to 4) ( · patients with hot flushes in women with a history of breast cancer

Frequency of hot flushes Number of hot flushes per day ( · patients with hot flushes in women with a history of breast cancer

Hot flushes score Number of HF x severity (from 1 to 4) ( · patients with hot flushes in women with a history of breast cancer

Alcohol withdrawal seizures objective · patients with alcohol withdrawal

Adverse events · patients with alcohol withdrawal

Dropouts · patients with alcohol withdrawal

Alcohol withdrawal seizures ‐ Benzodiazepine vs. Other Drug · patients with

Alcohol withdrawal seizures ‐ Benzodiazepine vs. Anticonvulsant · patients with

Adverse events ‐ Benzodiazepine vs. Other Drug · patients with

Adverse events ‐ Benzodiazepine vs. Anticonvulsant · patients with

Dropouts ‐ Benzodiazepine vs. Other Drug · patients with

Dropouts ‐ Benzodiazepine vs. Anticonvulsant · patients with