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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
GHB 100mg vs clomethiazole be used CIWA‐Ar score ‐ day 8 · patients with alcohol withdrawal Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 55 participants | Low |
GHB 100mg vs clomethiazole be used side‐effects ‐ side‐effects causing abandon · patients with alcohol withdrawal Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.07, 15.79] | 1 study · 65 participants | Low |
GHB 50mg vs GHB 100 mg be used CIWA‐Ar score ‐ day 8 · patients with alcohol withdrawal Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
IAS preserving seton vs Conventional seton Recurrence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.88 [0.15, 22.88] | 1 study · 34 participants | Moderate |
Fistulotomy vs Marsupialization fistulotomy Incontinence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | OR 2.29 [0.66, 7.97] | 2 studies · 137 participants | Moderate |
Advancement flap vs Fibrin glue with Flap repair Recurrence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.29 [0.09, 0.92] | 1 study · 58 participants | High |
Advancement flap vs Fibrin glue with Flap repair Incontinence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 58 participants | High |
Fistulotomy vs Fistulectomy Recurrence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.36 [0.2, 9.02] | 1 study · 45 participants | Moderate |
Fistulotomy vs Fistulectomy Incontinence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.26 [0.02, 2.72] | 1 study · 45 participants | Moderate |
Island flap anoplasty vs Fistulotomy / seton Recurrence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | High |
Island flap anoplasty vs Fistulotomy / seton Incontinence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | High |
IAS preserving seton vs Conventional seton Incontinence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.41 [0.03, 5.03] | 1 study · 34 participants | Moderate |
Ayurvedic seton vs Conventional fistulotomy Recurrence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.38 [0.02, 9.64] | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Ayurvedic seton vs Conventional fistulotomy Incontinence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | OR 2.07 [0.47, 9.19] | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Fibrin glue vs Conventional fistulotomy / seton Recurrence simple fistula · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | OR 15 [0.6, 376.7] | 1 study · 13 participants | Moderate |
Fibrin glue vs Conventional fistulotomy / seton Incontinence simple fistula · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | High |
Radiofrequency vs Conventional fistula surgery Recurrence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.73 [0.15, 3.48] | 2 studies · 122 participants | Low |
Radiofrequency vs Conventional fistula surgery Incontinence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.44 [0.14, 1.41] | 2 studies · 122 participants | Moderate |
Fistulotomy vs Marsupialization fistulotomy Recurrence · patients with anorectal fistula Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.26 [0.27, 5.97] | 2 studies · 137 participants | Moderate |
Meditation therapy vs drug therapy Teacher rating ADHD overall scale The Abbreviated Parent‐Teacher Questionnaire (Conners, 1973) · patients with attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder Meditation therapies for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
meditation therapy vs standard treatment without drug Teacher rating ADHD overall scale Abbreviated Parent‐Teacher Questionnaire (Conner, 1973) · patients with attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder Meditation therapies for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality ‐ not measured · patients with first‐line ART failure Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Disease progression ‐ not measured · patients with first‐line ART failure Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Severe adverse events · patients with first‐line ART failure Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 131 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adherence/tolerability/retention ‐ not reported · patients with first‐line ART failure Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Proportion achieving VL <50 copies/ml · patients with first‐line ART failure Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.92, 1.8] | 1 study · 131 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change from baseline in CD4 · patients with first‐line ART failure Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 131 participants | Low |
Post‐treatment exercise vs no intervention Number of subjects with recurrent LBP · patients with recurrences of low‐back pain Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.34, 0.73] | 2 studies · 130 participants | Moderate |
Post‐treatment exercise vs no intervention Number of subjects with recurrent LBP · patients with recurrences of low‐back pain Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.53, 1.07] | 1 study · 66 participants | Moderate |
Post‐treatment exercise vs no intervention Time to LBP recurrence self‐report · patients with recurrences of low‐back pain Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | HR 0.43 [0.21, 0.87] | 1 study · 69 participants | Moderate |
Post‐treatment exercise vs no intervention Time to LBP recurrence self‐report · patients with recurrences of low‐back pain Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | HR 0.5 [0.28, 0.9] | 1 study · 66 participants | Moderate |
Post‐treatment exercise vs no intervention Number of recurrences of LBP recurrences. Scale from: 0 to 10. · patients with recurrences of low‐back pain Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 154 participants | Moderate |
Post‐treatment exercise vs no intervention Number of recurrences of LBP Scale from: 0 to 10. · patients with recurrences of low‐back pain Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 66 participants | Moderate |
Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine Pain at injection site VAS. Scale from 0 to 10. · Patients requiring local anaesthesia Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 685 participants | Moderate |
Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine Preference · Patients requiring local anaesthesia Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection (2010) · Cochrane | OR 3.01 [1.19, 4.15] | 8 studies · 346 participants | High |
Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine Adverse events · Patients requiring local anaesthesia Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 182 participants | High |
Red blood cell transfusion vs no red blood cell transfusion Death · Patients presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage Red cell transfusion for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 77 participants | Low |
Red blood cell transfusion vs no red blood cell transfusion Adverse effects/complications · Patients presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage Red cell transfusion for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ZOTEPINE vs CLOZAPINE Mental state: Average score (BPRS total, high=poor) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Scale from: 0 to 126. · patients with schizophrenia Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Very low |
ZOTEPINE vs RISPERIDONE Behaviour: No clinically important response (as defined by the original studies) · patients with schizophrenia Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
ZOTEPINE vs REMOXIPRIDE Mental state: Average endpoint score (BPRS total, high=poor) Scale from: 0 to 129. · patients with schizophrenia Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 58 participants | Very low |
ZOTEPINE vs REMOXIPRIDE Global state: No clinically important response (as defined by the original studies) · patients with schizophrenia Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
ZOTEPINE vs REMOXIPRIDE Adverse effects: Extrapyramidal effects ‐ use of antiparkinson medication · patients with schizophrenia Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.41, 2.29] | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
ZOTEPINE vs REMOXIPRIDE Behaviour: No clinically important response (as defined by the original studies) · patients with schizophrenia Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
ZOTEPINE vs CLOZAPINE Global state: No clinically important response (as defined by the original studies) clinical assessment · patients with schizophrenia Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane | RR 8.23 [1.14, 59.17] | 1 study · 59 participants | Very low |
ZOTEPINE vs CLOZAPINE Adverse effects: Extrapyramidal effects ‐ use of antiparkinson medication · patients with schizophrenia Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane | RR 20.96 [2.89, 151.9] | 2 studies · 116 participants | Very low |
ZOTEPINE vs CLOZAPINE Behaviour: No clinically important response (as defined by the original studies) · patients with schizophrenia Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
ZOTEPINE vs RISPERIDONE Mental state: Average endpoint score (BPRS total, high=poor) ‐ vs 4mg Risperidone Scale from: 0 to 129. · patients with schizophrenia Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
ZOTEPINE vs RISPERIDONE Mental state: Average endpoint score (BPRS total, high=poor) ‐ vs 8 mg Risperidone Scale from: 0 to 129. · patients with schizophrenia Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
ZOTEPINE vs RISPERIDONE Global state: No clinically important response (as defined by the original studies) · patients with schizophrenia Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |