Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Regional analgesia (with tocolysis) vs no intervention of regional analgesia (with or without tocolysis)

Cephalic presentation at birth (primary) · patients with breech presentation

It is very uncertain whether regional analgesia (with tocolysis) changes cephalic presentation at birth (primary) compared with no intervention of regional analgesia (with or without tocolysis) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Preterm delivery ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Single‐dose antibiotic showed no clear difference in preterm delivery ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented vs standard antenatal care visits

Preterm birth · Pregnant women at low risk of complications

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented showed no clear difference in preterm birth compared with standard antenatal care visits (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm delivery < 37 weeks' gestation · women in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks' gestation) in both unselected populations and designated low‐risk populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in preterm delivery < 37 weeks' gestation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm delivery less than 34 weeks · women in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks' gestation) in both unselected populations and designated low‐risk populations
1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo

Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes · women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy before labour and delivery

Prophylactic antibiotics showed no clear difference in preterm prelabour rupture of membranes compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Case notes vs control

Women who wanted to carry case notes in subsequent pregnancy · pregnant women from the time of their first antenatal visit to the end of the puerperium

Case notes may leads to higher women who wanted to carry case notes in subsequent pregnancy compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo, no placebo or other supplements

Preterm birth · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…

Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo, no placebo or other supplements

Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…

Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in prelabour rupture of fetal membranes ‐ preterm compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth (< 37 weeks' gestation) · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks' gestation) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review