Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,304 questions · 1,352 findings · 210 reviews

No studies found 230 · 17%GRADE not reported 163 · 12.1%Very low 269 · 19.9%Low 277 · 20.5%Moderate 291 · 21.5%High 122 · 9%

Open surgical exposure vs Closed surgical exposure

Patient response: moderate or severe pain at 1 day postoperative · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages 14.2 to 17.5 years)

Open surgical exposure showed no clear difference in patient response: moderate or severe pain at 1 day postoperative compared with closed surgical exposure; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

It is very uncertain whether granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) changes oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia receiving chemotherapy alone

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), intravenous led to lower oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, single dose) vs Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim, multiple doses)

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Children receiving bone marrow/stem cell transplantation after conditioning therapy for mixed cancers

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, single… showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim, multiple…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Women with moderate or severe pain (measured by visual analogue scale) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

It is very uncertain whether selective changes women with moderate or severe pain (measured by visual analogue scale) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Venous thrombo‐embolism (DVT or PE): CEE 0.625 mg (moderate dose) · relatively healthy postmenopausal women

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) showed no clear difference in venous thromboembolism (DVT or PE): CEE 0.625 mg (moderate dose) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair vs conventional open repair

Complication: renal complications (moderate or severe) (30‐day) · people diagnosed with RAAA

Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair showed no clear difference in complication: renal complications (moderate or severe) (30‐day) compared with conventional open repair (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous chest compression alone vs interrupted chest compression plus artificial ventilation

Neurological function at hospital discharge, measured by cerebral performance category (CPC) · Patients with non‐trauma related out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest

Continuous chest compression alone showed no clear difference in neurological outcomes at hospital discharge Measured as 'good' or… compared with interrupted chest compression plus artificial ventilation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Disability: modified Rankin Scale (mRS) A measure of disability, with 6 categories: 0 (no symptoms), 1 (no significant disability), 2 (slight disability), 3 (moderate disability), 4 (moderately severe disability), 5 (severe disability), 6 (dead); ... · adults with stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Morphine vs placebo

Any pain‐related outcome (moderate pain improvement) · adults with neuropathic pain

It is very uncertain whether morphine changes any pain‐related outcome (moderate pain improvement) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo

Moderate benefit: At least 30% reduction in pain, or PGIC much or very much improved · adults with fibromyalgia

It is very uncertain whether NSAID changes moderate pain relief: at least 30% reduction in pain, or PGIC much… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methadone vs placebo

Moderate benefit: At least 30% reduction in pain, or PGIC much or very much improved · adults with chronic neuropathic pain
1 finding from 1 review