What do systematic reviews say?

Probiotics vs placebo

• Probiotics for the postoperative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 61 participants
  Low

Exposure vs no exposure to the smell and taste of milk with tube feeds

• Exposure to the smell and taste of milk to accelerate feeding in preterm infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 977 participants
  Low

Exposure vs no exposure to the smell and taste of milk with tube feeds

• Exposure to the smell and taste of milk to accelerate feeding in preterm infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 736 participants
  Very low

Exposure vs no exposure to the smell and taste of milk with tube feeds

• Exposure to the smell and taste of milk to accelerate feeding in preterm infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Oral stimulation vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral stimulation vs non‐oral intervention

• Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 268 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

• Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 87 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ routine monitoring vs no routine monitoring of gastric residual

• Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 334 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ routine monitoring vs no routine monitoring of gastric residual

• Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 334 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

• Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 87 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Re‐feeding vs discarding gastric residuals

• Re‐feeding versus discarding gastric residuals to improve growth in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 59 participants
  Low

Continuous vs intermittent bolus (nasogastric and orogastric tube) milk feeding ‐ all preterm infants less than 1500 grams

• Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for preterm infants less than 1500 grams 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 628 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in time to achieve full enteral feeding (days) (low certainty).

• Early erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents in preterm or low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Nasogastric vs nasojejunal tube feeding

It is very uncertain whether nasogastric changes requirement for parenteral nutrition compared with nasojejunal tube feeding (very low certainty).

• Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.39, 2.71]
  2 studies · 80 participants
  Very low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

• Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 237 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Medical treatment for botulism 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 122 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to higher feeding interruption requiring parenteral nutrition (low certainty).

• Human milk‐derived fortifier versus bovine milk‐derived fortifier for prevention of mortality and morbidity in preterm… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.86
  1 study · 125 participants
  Low

Oropharyngeal colostrum (OPC) vs No treatment or saline or water

• Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 335 participants
  Very low

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, single dose) vs Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim, multiple doses)

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, single… showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) compared with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim, multiple…; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Children
  RR 1.00 [0.94, 1.06]
  1 study · 61 participants
  GRADE not reported

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
  RR 1.10 [0.63, 1.91]
  1 study · 36 participants
  GRADE not reported