What do systematic reviews say?

28 questions · 28 findings · 16 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

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No studies found 3 · 10.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 18 · 64.3%Low 3 · 10.7%Moderate 3 · 10.7%High 1 · 3.6%

Cannabis‐based medicines vs placebo medication

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with cancer‐related pain

Cannabis‐based medicines showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo medication (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabis‐based medicines and medical cannabis for adults with cancer pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RD 0.04 [0, 0.08]
4 studies · 1332 participants
Moderate

Opioids vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with sickle cell disease in a vaso‐occlusive crisis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for painful sickle cell vaso‐occlusive crises in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Opioids vs active comparators

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with sickle cell disease in a vaso‐occlusive crisis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for painful sickle cell vaso‐occlusive crises in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NSAIDs vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with sickle cell disease in a vaso‐occlusive crisis

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for painful sickle cell vaso‐occlusive crises in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 93 participants
Very low

Any combination of two or more drugs vs placebo or other comparators, or both,

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Combination pharmacotherapy for the treatment of fibromyalgia in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Cannabis‐based medicines vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with chronic neuropathic pain

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabis‐based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 1848 participants
Moderate

High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%)

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with postherpetic neuralgia

1 finding from 1 review

Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 2487 participants
Moderate

TENS vs no treatment

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

TENS with exercise vs exercise

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

TENS vs other active intervention

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

TENS vs sham TENS

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 54 participants
Very low

Gabapentin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 150 participants
Very low

Amitriptyline vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 123 participants
Very low

Citalopram vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children (4 to 18 years) with functional abdominal pain disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 115 participants
Very low

Amitriptyline vs gabapentin

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

Pregabalin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 107 participants
Very low

Gabapentin vs amitriptyline

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

Celecoxib vs naproxen

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 242 participants
Very low

Rofecoxib vs naproxen

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 310 participants
Very low

Meloxicam vs naproxen

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 225 participants
Very low