What do systematic reviews say?

Cannabidiol vs placebo

Cannabidiol showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.15 [0.01, 2.83]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

Methotrexate vs placebo

Methotrexate showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Immunomodulatory treatment other than corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for chronic inflammatory… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.56 [0.39, 32.23]
  1 study · 59 participants
  Moderate

Interferon beta‐1a vs placebo

Interferon beta‐1a showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Immunomodulatory treatment other than corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for chronic inflammatory… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.5 [0.25, 80.05]
  1 study · 67 participants
  Low

Mesalamine vs placebo

Mesalamine showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for treating collagenous colitis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.44 [0.49, 40.29]
  1 study · 62 participants
  Low

Budesonide vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether budesonide changes serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating collagenous colitis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.11 [0.15, 8.01]
  4 studies · 175 participants
  Very low

Tramadol vs placebo

• Tramadol for neuropathic pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Certolizumab pegol 200 mg sc (with or without MTX) vs placebo (with or without MTX)

Certolizumab pegol 200 mg sc (with or without MTX) leads to higher serious adverse events compared with placebo (with or without MTX) (high certainty).

• Certolizumab pegol (CDP870) for rheumatoid arthritis in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 1.47 [1.13, 1.91]
  9 studies · 3927 participants
  High

Gabapentin vs placebo

• Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  19 studies · 3948 participants
  Moderate

Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

• Injected corticosteroids for treating plantar heel pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 219 participants
  Very low

Thrombopoietin mimetics vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether thrombopoietin mimetics changes serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Thrombopoietin mimetics for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.54, 1.46]
  4 studies · 356 participants
  Very low

Ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for primary sclerosing cholangitis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: liposomal bupivacaine vs placebo

• Liposomal bupivacaine infiltration at the surgical site for the management of postoperative pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 382 participants
  Low

Nutrition support vs no intervention, placebo, or treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nutrition support in hospitalised adults at nutritional risk 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Morphine vs placebo

• Morphine for chronic neuropathic pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 289 participants
  Very low

Aspirin 1000 mg vs placebo

• Aspirin for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 767 participants
  Very low

Gabapentin vs placebo

• Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 150 participants
  Very low

NSAIDs vs placebo

• Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for fibromyalgia in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Amitriptyline vs placebo

• Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 123 participants
  Very low

Citalopram vs placebo

• Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 115 participants
  Very low

Pregabalin vs placebo

• Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 107 participants
  Very low