Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

27 questions · 27 findings · 15 reviews · Neonatal

No studies found 10 · 37%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 10 · 37%Low 4 · 14.8%Moderate 1 · 3.7%High 2 · 7.4%

Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification

Retinopathy of prematurity · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

It is very uncertain whether targeted or adjustable individualized fortification changes retinopathy of prematurity, any compared with standard non‐individualized fortification (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

Retinopathy of prematurity · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes retinopathy of prematurity, any stage compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supine midline head position vs any other supine head position

Retinopathy of prematurity, > stage 3 · very preterm infants with or at risk of germinal matrix‐intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether supine midline head position changes retinopathy of prematurity, > stage 3 compared with any other supine head position (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Retinopathy of prematurity (stage ≥ 3) · preterm infants with low birth weight

The intervention showed no clear difference in retinopathy of prematurity (stage ≥ 3) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs S‐LE

Severe (defined as stage 3 or greater) retinopathy of prematurity ‐ not reported · Parenterally fed preterm infants

All fish oil containing LE showed no clear difference in retinopathy of prematurity (≥ stage 3) compared with S‐LE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs S‐LE

Severe (defined as stage 3 or greater) retinopathy of prematurity ‐ not reported · Parenterally fed preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether all alternative LE changes retinopathy of prematurity (≥ stage 3) compared with S‐LE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Severe (defined as stage 3 or greater) retinopathy of prematurity ‐ not reported · preterm infants

Lower showed no clear difference in severe retinopathy of prematurity (≥ stage 3) compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cerebral NIRS oximetry vs no cerebral NIRS oximetry

Retinopathy of prematurity, any or severe (stage ≥ III) · patients with preventing morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether cerebral NIRS oximetry changes retinopathy of prematurity, any or severe (stage ≥ III) compared with no cerebral NIRS oximetry (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review