Cochrane · systematic review · CD013465
Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving human milk
Fabrizio, V, Trzaski, JM, Brownell, EA, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2020 · Cochrane Library
NeonatalAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
34
current version
GRADE rated
18
No studies
16
Included studies
NR
No studies 16 · 47.1%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 7 · 20.6%Low 5 · 14.7%Moderate 5 · 14.7%High 1 · 2.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification compared to standard non‐individualized fortification for promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
Population: promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Growth velocity, weight, g/kg/d, end of intervention Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 345 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Growth velocity, length, mm/d, end of intervention (length velocity) Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 262 participants | Low Downgraded: inconsistency |
Growth velocity, head circumference, mm/d, end of intervention Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 242 participants | Low Downgraded: inconsistency |
Necrotizing enterocolitis Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Culture‐proven late‐onset sepsis Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mortality Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | RR 0.89 [0.71, 1.12] | 4 studies · 391 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Retinopathy of prematurity, any Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | RR 0.79 [0.36, 1.72] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Osteopenia Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | RR 0.86 [0.4, 1.84] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Targeted individualized compared to standard non‐individualized fortification for promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
Population: promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Growth velocity, weight, g/kg/d, end of intervention Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 269 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Growth velocity, length, mm/d, end of intervention Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 166 participants | Low Downgraded: inconsistency |
Growth velocity, head circumference, mm/d, end of intervention Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 166 participants | Low Downgraded: inconsistency |
Length of hospital stay, days Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Retinopathy of prematurity Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mortality Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
In‐hospital mortality Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification | RR 0.14 [0.02, 1.14] | 3 studies · 334 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Necrotizing enterocolitis Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification | RR 0.4 [0.08, 1.99] | 2 studies · 257 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Culture‐proven late‐onset bacterial sepsis Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification | RR 1.29 [0.76, 2.17] | 2 studies · 257 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Adjustable individualized fortification compared to standard non‐individualized fortification for promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
Population: promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Growth velocity, weight, g/kg/d, end of intervention Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 96 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Growth velocity, length, mm/d, end of intervention Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 96 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Growth velocity, head circumference, mm/d, end of intervention Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 96 participants | High |
Mortality Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NEC stage ≥ 2 Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Culture‐proven late‐onset sepsis Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Retinopathy of prematurity Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Targeted individualized fortification compared to adjustable individualized fortification for promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
Population: promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Growth velocity, weight, g/kg/d ‐ end of intervention Targeted individualized fortification vs adjustable individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 72 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Growth velocity, length, mm/d ‐ end of intervention Targeted individualized fortification vs adjustable individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 72 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision |
Mortality Targeted individualized fortification vs adjustable individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NEC ≥ stage 2 Targeted individualized fortification vs adjustable individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Culture‐proven late‐onset sepsis Targeted individualized fortification vs adjustable individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Retinopathy of prematurity Targeted individualized fortification vs adjustable individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Targeted individualized fortification vs adjustable individualized fortification | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |