Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

80 questions · 80 findings · 48 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 4 · 5%GRADE not reported 5 · 6.3%Very low 11 · 13.8%Low 32 · 40%Moderate 14 · 17.5%High 14 · 17.5%

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · preventing preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy

Cerclage leads to lower preterm birth before 34 completed weeks compared with no cerclage (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.66, 0.89]
9 studies · 2415 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · women undergoing home monitoring for preventing preterm birth versus women receiving standard care

The intervention leads to lower preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Home uterine monitoring for detecting preterm labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.62, 0.99]
3 studies · 1596 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth less than 37 weeks' gestation · women undergoing home monitoring for preventing preterm birth versus women receiving standard care

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes preterm birth less than 37 weeks' gestation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Home uterine monitoring for detecting preterm labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.72, 1.01]
8 studies · 4834 participants
Very low

Main comparison (FFN knowledge vs no knowledge)

Preterm birth · women with singleton pregnancies and threatened preterm labor (PTL) between 23 to 35 weeks

Main comparison (FFN knowledge showed no clear difference in preterm birth < 37 weeks compared with no knowledge) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fetal fibronectin testing for reducing the risk of preterm birth 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.52, 1.01]
5 studies · 434 participants
Low

Main comparison (FFN knowledge vs no knowledge)

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · women with singleton pregnancies and threatened preterm labor (PTL) between 23 to 35 weeks

Main comparison (FFN knowledge showed no clear difference in preterm birth < 34 weeks compared with no knowledge) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fetal fibronectin testing for reducing the risk of preterm birth 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.54, 2.18]
4 studies · 357 participants
Low

Main comparison (FFN knowledge vs no knowledge)

Preterm birth < 32 weeks · women with singleton pregnancies and threatened preterm labor (PTL) between 23 to 35 weeks

It is very uncertain whether main comparison (FFN knowledge changes preterm birth < 32 weeks compared with no knowledge) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fetal fibronectin testing for reducing the risk of preterm birth 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.16, 3.96]
4 studies · 357 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Any preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks) · women with a previous stillbirth of > 20 weeks' gestation who are pregnant or considering a subsequent pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes any preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Care prior to and during subsequent pregnancies following stillbirth for improving outcomes 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.42 [0.04, 4.06]
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Any preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks) · women with a previous stillbirth of ≥ 20 weeks' gestation who are pregnant or considering a subsequent pregnancy

The intervention showed no clear difference in any preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Care prior to and during subsequent pregnancies following stillbirth for improving outcomes 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.58, 1.74]
3 studies · 114 participants
Low

SOF Immunological sealant vs usual care

Preterm birth · preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

It is very uncertain whether SOF Immunological sealant changes preterm birth less than 37 weeks' gestation compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sealing procedures for preterm prelabour rupture of membranes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.34, 0.68]
1 study · 94 participants
Very low

SOF Cervical adapter vs usual care

Preterm birth · preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

1 finding from 1 review

Sealing procedures for preterm prelabour rupture of membranes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Vaginal progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Vaginal progesterone showed no clear difference in preterm birth less than 37 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.89, 1.06]
6 studies · 1597 participants
Moderate

Vaginal progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth less than 28 weeks · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Vaginal progesterone showed no clear difference in preterm birth less than 28 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.53 [0.79, 2.97]
3 studies · 1345 participants
Low

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone may leads to higher preterm birth less than 34 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.54 [1.06, 2.26]
2 studies · 399 participants
Low

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth less than 28 weeks · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone showed no clear difference in preterm birth less than 28 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.75, 1.55]
5 studies · 1920 participants
Moderate

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone showed no clear difference in preterm birth less than 37 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.98, 1.13]
5 studies · 2010 participants
High

Vaginal progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Vaginal progesterone showed no clear difference in preterm birth less than 34 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.66, 1.23]
5 studies · 1503 participants
Low

Oral betamimetic vs placebo

Preterm birth · women with a twin pregnancy

Oral betamimetic showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oral betamimetics for reducing preterm birth in women with a twin pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.65, 1.1]
4 studies · 276 participants
Low

Cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics vs cervical cerclage

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation

It is very uncertain whether cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics changes preterm birth < 34 completed weeks of pregnancy compared with cervical cerclage alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical stitch (cerclage) in combination with other treatments for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in singleton… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.44, 1.4]
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Oral betamimetic vs placebo

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · women with a twin pregnancy

Oral betamimetic showed no clear difference in very preterm birth (less than 34 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oral betamimetics for reducing preterm birth in women with a twin pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.15, 1.5]
1 study · 144 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth < 34 weeks · women carrying twins, asymptomatic for PTL or PPROM

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes preterm birth < 34 weeks (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical assessment by ultrasound for preventing preterm delivery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.62 [0.3, 1.25]
1 study · 125 participants
Very low