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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

20 questions · 20 findings · 13 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 2 · 10%GRADE not reported 1 · 5%Very low 2 · 10%Low 9 · 45%Moderate 6 · 30%High 0 · 0%

Does treatment guided by serial BNP or NT‐proBNP monitoring improve outcomes vs treatment guided by clinical assessment alone?

Heart failure mortality · patients with heart failure

Does treatment guided by serial BNP or NT‐proBNP monitoring improve… showed no clear difference in heart failure mortality compared with treatment guided by clinical assessment alone? (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment

Overall mortality4 (Subnet based on 71 studies including 21,576 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy

IV or oral iron alone showed no clear difference in overall mortality4 (Subnet based on 71 studies including 21,576… compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment

On‐study mortality3 (Subnet based on 55 studies including 15,074 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy

IV or oral iron alone showed no clear difference in on‐study mortality3 (Subnet based on 55 studies including 15,074… compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised exercise therapy following vascular intervention vs vascular intervention alone

All‐cause mortality · people with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease§

It is very uncertain whether supervised exercise therapy following vascular intervention changes mortality compared with vascular intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) vs TACE alone

Mortality Number of deaths at maximum · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial… may leads to lower all‐cause mortality (at maximum 1‐year compared with TACE alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

clopidogrel plus aspirin vs aspirin

All‐cause mortality · people with coronary disease, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease or at high risk of atherothrombotic disease

clopidogrel plus aspirin showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with aspirin alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Does treatment guided by serial BNP or NT‐proBNP monitoring improve outcomes vs treatment guided by clinical assessment alone?

All‐cause mortality · patients with heart failure

Does treatment guided by serial BNP or NT‐proBNP monitoring improve… showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with treatment guided by clinical assessment alone? (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

clopidogrel plus aspirin vs aspirin

Cardiovascular mortality · people with coronary disease, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease or at high risk of atherothrombotic disease

clopidogrel plus aspirin showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with aspirin alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care alone or inactive control

All‐cause mortality ‐ up to 80 months Number of participants: 1355(2 RCTs)

Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) plus best supportive care showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ up to 80 months Number of participants: 1355(2… compared with best supportive care alone or inactive control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care alone or inactive control

Cardiovascular mortality

Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) plus best supportive care probably leads to higher cardiovascular mortality ‐ up to 80 months Number of participants:… compared with best supportive care alone or inactive control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard care plus IV tranexamic acid vs placebo or usual care

Maternal mortality ‐ not reported · women with primary postpartum haemorrhage following vaginal or caesarean birth

Standard care plus IV tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in maternal mortality (all causes) compared with placebo or standard care alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard care plus IV tranexamic acid vs placebo or usual care

Maternal mortality due to bleeding · women with primary postpartum haemorrhage following vaginal or caesarean birth

Standard care plus IV tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in maternal mortality due to bleeding compared with placebo or standard care alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review