What do systematic reviews say?

Surfactant treatment guided by rapid tests for surfactant deficiency vs surfactant therapy provided to preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome diagnosed on clinical and radiologic criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surfactant therapy guided by tests for lung maturity in preterm infants at risk of respiratory distress syndrome 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ ICS showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.94 [0.84, 1.07]
  10 studies · 16636 participants
  Moderate

Remote monitoring plus usual care vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Remote monitoring vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors vs placebo

Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.98 [0.77, 1.24]
  27 studies · 19786 participants
  Moderate

Selexipag vs placebo

• Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 1199 participants
  Moderate

Prostacyclin vs control

Prostacyclin probably leads to lower mortality compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.6 [0.38, 0.94]
  15 studies · 2554 participants
  Moderate

Influenza vaccine vs placebo

Influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Influenza vaccine for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.87 [0.28, 2.7]
  2 studies · 180 participants
  Low

Non‐invasive ventilation vs usual care

Non‐invasive ventilation probably leads to lower mortality compared with usual medical care (moderate certainty).

• Non‐invasive ventilation for the management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to exacerbation of chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.38, 0.76]
  12 studies · 854 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality (low certainty).

• Guanylate cyclase stimulators for pulmonary hypertension 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.29 [0.05, 1.91]
  2 studies · 398 participants
  Low

Indacaterol vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

Indacaterol showed no clear difference in mortality Deaths compared with twice‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists (moderate certainty).

• Indacaterol, a once‐daily beta₂‐agonist, versus twice‐daily beta₂‐agonists or placebo for chronic obstructive… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1 [0.31, 3.28]
  4 studies · 3266 participants
  Moderate

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation vs conventional ventilation

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation showed no clear difference in overall mortality compared with conventional ventilation (low certainty).

• Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.64, 1.66]
  1 study · 144 participants
  Low

Summary of findings for combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing vs conventional treatment (separate testing)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing for acute exacerbations in chronic infection of Pseudomonas… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

NPPV vs SMC

NPPV may leads to lower HOSPITAL MORTALITY compared with SMC (low certainty).

• Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.51, 0.82]
  21 studies · 2484 participants
  Low

Enteral vs parenteral nutrition

Enteral showed no clear difference in mortality compared with parenteral nutrition (low certainty).

• Enteral versus parenteral nutrition and enteral versus a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition for adults in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.19 [0.8, 1.77]
  6 studies · 361 participants
  Low

Enteral vs enteral and parenteral nutrition

Enteral showed no clear difference in mortality compared with enteral and parenteral nutrition (low certainty).

• Enteral versus parenteral nutrition and enteral versus a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition for adults in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.84, 1.16]
  5 studies · 5111 participants
  Low

Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intra‐abdominal drainage vs no drainage after pelvic lymphadenectomy

Intra‐abdominal drainage showed no clear difference in mortality compared with no drainage (low certainty).

• Intra‐abdominal drains for the prophylaxis of anastomotic leak in elective colorectal surgery 2004 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.41, 1.45]
  3 studies · 908 participants
  Low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.86 [0.59, 1.26]
  5719 participants
  Low
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.06 [0.71, 1.59]
  16 studies · 3296 participants
  Moderate