What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Chewing gum for postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  50 studies · 5278 participants
  Moderate

Prophylactic corticosteroids vs placebo or no corticosteroids

• Prophylactic corticosteroids for cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  25 studies · 1841 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 271 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 190 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs surgery

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes length of hospital stay (days) compared with surgery (very low certainty).

• Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.54 [0.06, 1.01]
  11 studies · 3192 participants
  Very low

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 1298 participants
  Low

Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy

• Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 316 participants
  Low
• Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  17 studies · 1977 participants
  Low
• Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 140 participants
  Very low

Peripheral nerve block vs neuraxial block

Peripheral nerve block showed no clear difference in hospital length of stay compared with neuraxial block (low certainty).

• Nerve blocks or no nerve blocks for pain control after elective hip replacement (arthroplasty) surgery in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.19
  2 studies · 64 participants
  Low

Epidural local anaesthetic vs opioid‐based regimen

• Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid‐based analgesic regimens for postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis,… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  30 studies · 2598 participants
  Very low

Protocol to increase global blood flow vs control

• Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  27 studies · 4729 participants
  Low

Vaginal hysterectomy vs sacral hysteropexy/cervicopexy (uterine prolapse)

• Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 422 participants
  Very low

Sacral colpopexy: laparoscopic vs alternative approach

• Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 246 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Effects of interventions targeting the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery on clinical outcomes in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  148 studies · 15547 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in total length of hospital stay (days) (low certainty).

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 447 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 351 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes total length of hospital stay (days) (very low certainty).

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.99
  2 studies · 371 participants
  Very low

Hand‐assisted laparoscopic repair vs EVAR

• Laparoscopic surgery for elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low

Summary of findings TIVA vs inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia

• Intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 175 participants
  Very low

Daikenchuto vs control

• Daikenchuto for reducing postoperative ileus in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 292 participants
  Low

Peripheral nerve block vs systemic analgesia

It is very uncertain whether peripheral nerve blocks changes hospital length of stay Objective actual measurement compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

• Nerve blocks or no nerve blocks for pain control after elective hip replacement (arthroplasty) surgery in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.75
  2 studies · 249 participants
  Very low