What do systematic reviews say?

CLOZAPINE + RISPERIDONE vs PLACEBO + CLOZAPINE

• Risperidone versus placebo for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  1.13 [0.53, 2.42]
  3 studies · 167 participants
  Very low

Group cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis vs usual care

Group cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: for any reason – end of treatment compared with standard care (low certainty).

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (group) for schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.22 [0.94, 1.59]
  13 studies · 1267 participants
  Low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes leaving the study early (any reason, short and medium term) compared with perphenazine (very low certainty).

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.63 [0.27, 1.47]
  2 studies · 104 participants
  Very low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs RISPERIDONE

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes leaving the study early (any reason, short and medium term) compared with risperidone (very low certainty).

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.3 [0.84, 2.02]
  3 studies · 154 participants
  Very low

Technology‐mediated psychoeducation vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether technology‐mediated psychoeducation changes compliance/satisfaction: leaving the study early ‐ any reason compared with standard care intervention (very low certainty).

• Information and communication technology in patient education and support for people with schizophrenia 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.24 [0.81, 1.88]
  2 studies · 116 participants
  Very low

Paliperidone palmitate vs placebo

Paliperidone palmitate leads to lower leaving the study early ‐ any reason Reported by trial author compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Paliperidone palmitate for schizophrenia 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [7, 84]
  5 studies · 2183 participants
  High

Paliperidone palmitate vs risperidone long‐acting injection

Paliperidone palmitate showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ any reason Reported by trial author compared with risperidone long‐acting injection (high certainty).

• Paliperidone palmitate for schizophrenia 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [1, 1.25]
  2 studies · 1969 participants
  High

RISPERIDONE vs QUETIAPINE

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: 1. any reason, long term (>12 months) compared with QUETIAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (low certainty).

• Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.86, 1.07]
  1 study · 294 participants
  Low

Cannabidiol vs AMISULPRIDE

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cannabis and schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

RISPERIDONE vs placebo

RISPERIDONE may leads to lower leaving the study early ‐ short term (up to 12 weeks) ‐ any reason compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

• Risperidone versus placebo for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.62, 0.78]
  12 studies · 2261 participants
  Low

FLUPHENAZINE (ORAL) vs AMISULPRIDE

It is very uncertain whether FLUPHENAZINE (ORAL) changes leaving the study early ‐ any reason ‐ short term (up to 12 weeks) compared with AMISULPRIDE (very low certainty).

• Fluphenazine (oral) versus atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.19 [0.63, 2.28]
  2 studies · 98 participants
  Very low

CBT vs ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES

CBT may leads to lower satisfaction with treatment ‐ leaving the study early for any reason compared with ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES (low certainty).

• Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care plus other psychosocial treatments for people… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.75, 0.99]
  26 studies · 2392 participants
  Low

Adjunctive carbamazepine + antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

It is very uncertain whether adjunctive carbamazepine + antipsychotics changes acceptability of treatment Leaving the study early due to any reason compared with placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics (very low certainty).

• Carbamazepine for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.47 [0.16, 1.35]
  8 studies · 182 participants
  Very low

Perazine vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether perazine changes acceptability of treatment Leaving the study early due to any reason compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Perazine for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.62 [0.35, 1.1]
  1 study · 95 participants
  Very low

FLUPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS

FLUPHENAZINE showed no clear difference in acceptability of treatment‐leaving the study early due to any reason compared with LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS (moderate certainty).

• Fluphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.88, 1.14]
  6 studies · 1532 participants
  Moderate

CHLORPROMAZINE vs QUETIAPINE

CHLORPROMAZINE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early due to any reason short term (up to 6 months) compared with QUETIAPINE (moderate certainty).

• Chlorpromazine versus atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.77, 1.41]
  12 studies · 1223 participants
  Moderate

CHLORPROMAZINE vs OLANZAPINE

It is very uncertain whether CHLORPROMAZINE changes leaving the study early due to any reason: short term (up to 6 months) compared with OLANZAPINE (very low certainty).

• Chlorpromazine versus atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.69 [0.45, 6.4]
  3 studies · 139 participants
  Very low

FLUPENTHIXOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS

• Flupenthixol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

PERPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS

It is very uncertain whether comparison 1: PERPHENAZINE changes acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving the study early due to any reason compared with LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS (very low certainty).

• Perphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.35, 1.76]
  3 studies · 323 participants
  Very low

Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs vs placebo/no treatment

Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs leads to lower leaving the study early: due to any reason (acceptability of… compared with placebo/no treatment (high certainty).

• Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.49, 0.61]
  56 studies · 7001 participants
  High