Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

280 questions · 284 findings · 102 reviews

No studies found 14 · 4.9%GRADE not reported 9 · 3.2%Very low 138 · 48.6%Low 62 · 21.8%Moderate 58 · 20.4%High 3 · 1.1%

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive therapy vs supportive therapy

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with supportive therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care vs control

Leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability (combined time points) · recent‐onset psychosis (less than three years since the start of psychotic symptoms and either first or second psychotic episode)

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus… showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Antipsychotic dose reduction vs dose continuation

Leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability (combined time points) · patients with schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ Antipsychotic dose reduction probably leads to higher leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with dose continuation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B antipsychotic drugs: olanzapine + supportive intervention vs placebo or supportive treatment

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B antipsychotic drugs: olanzapine + supportive intervention changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with placebo + supportive intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CLOZAPINE + AMISULPIRIDE vs CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Genc 2007)

Leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CLOZAPINE + AMISULPIRIDE changes leaving the study early: acceptability of treatment ‐ as measured by… compared with CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Genc 2007) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CLOZAPINE + ZIPRASIDONE vs CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Wen 2015)

Leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CLOZAPINE + ZIPRASIDONE changes leaving the study early: acceptability of treatment ‐ as measured by… compared with CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Wen 2015) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Adverse effects – leaving the study early due to adverse effects – overall tolerability – total · patients with schizophrenia

VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: Overall tolerability Leaving the study… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TRIFLUOPERAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS

Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

Trifluoperazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: 1. Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving… compared with low‐potency antipsychotic drugs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes leaving the study early: Acceptability of treatment Leaving the… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

Haloperidol showed no clear difference in leaving the study early due to any reason as a measure of overall… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ medium term ‐ any reason · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether haloperidol changes leaving the study early due to any reason as a measure of overall… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with ultra low dose (<2 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) probably leads to lower leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with ultra low dose (<2 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to lower leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Continuation vs reduction of polypharmacy

Adverse effects – leaving the study early due to adverse effects – overall tolerability – total · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Continuation changes adverse effects – leaving the study early due to adverse effects –… compared with reduction of polypharmacy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ due to adverse effects (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether haloperidol changes leaving the study early due to adverse events as a measure of… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Adverse effects (drop‐outs due to adverse effects4) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes leaving the study early due to adverse effects (overall tolerability… compared with PLACEBO/NO ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT + ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Continuation vs reduction of polypharmacy

Leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability (combined time points) · patients with schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ Continuation may leads to lower leaving the study early due to any reason – overall acceptability… compared with reduction of polypharmacy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TRIFLUOPERAZINE vs placebo

Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether TRIFLUOPERAZINE changes leaving the study early ‐ any reason ‐ medium term Number of… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review