What do systematic reviews say?

rHuEPO with iron vs control treatment with or without iron

• Erythropoietin plus iron versus control treatment including placebo or iron for preoperative anaemic adults undergoing… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 293 participants
  Low

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes length of hospital stay (days) compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

• Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 464 participants
  Very low

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

• Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 89 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Preoperative carbohydrate treatment for enhancing recovery after elective surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  19 studies · 1351 participants
  Very low

NSAIDs vs control or placebo medications

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Dexmedetomidine vs control or placebo medications

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pregabalin or Gabapentin vs control or placebo medications

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Very low

Acetaminophen vs control or placebo medications

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 335 participants
  Moderate

Scalp infiltration vs placebo or control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Scalp block vs placebo or control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Any intervention vs control

• Psychological preparation and postoperative outcomes for adults undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  36 studies · 3313 participants
  Low

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

• Perioperative angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 372 participants
  Very low

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 1298 participants
  Low

Peripheral nerve block vs neuraxial block

Peripheral nerve block showed no clear difference in hospital length of stay compared with neuraxial block (low certainty).

• Nerve blocks or no nerve blocks for pain control after elective hip replacement (arthroplasty) surgery in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.19
  2 studies · 64 participants
  Low

Epidural local anaesthetic vs opioid‐based regimen

• Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid‐based analgesic regimens for postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis,… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  30 studies · 2598 participants
  Very low

Protocol to increase global blood flow vs control

• Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  27 studies · 4729 participants
  Low

Summary of findings TIVA vs inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia

• Intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 175 participants
  Very low

Peripheral nerve block vs systemic analgesia

It is very uncertain whether peripheral nerve blocks changes hospital length of stay Objective actual measurement compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

• Nerve blocks or no nerve blocks for pain control after elective hip replacement (arthroplasty) surgery in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.75
  2 studies · 249 participants
  Very low